Modern Day Prophets: Islam versus Christianity Essay -- Essays Papers

Modern Day Prophets Islam versus ChristianityIn todays world of chaos and war, many commonwealth are turning to religion. People grammatical construction to organized religion not only for solace but on the contrary, they also look to attribute cause for the worlds woes. The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11th has many people looking to the religion of Islam for a culprit, as the men who flew the planes were Israeli felo-de-se missionaries. These men thought themselves to be on a mission from God (Allah). This implies that they were acting on the words of a prophet, or thought themselves prophets. In reply to this, I decided to research the major religions in todays world that rely on modern day prophets for guidance. By doing so, I am attempting to prove the religion of Islam innocent by comparing it to many other religions that have similar structure but no terrorist intentions. The first question we issue to when studying religions based on the teachings of modern prophets is this can modern prophets exist? Christianity, one of the three major religions followed today, says yes. The Wisdom of God said, I will distribute them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill and some of them they will persecute (Holy account book) This quote from Christianitys great rule book also predicts that when prophets do come to the Earth, people will not accept them as such. This is fairly accurate in Christians reactions to religions that have their basis in Christianity but have diverged from the church into their own sects. bingle of the largest and strongest divergent sects of Christianity is known commonly as Mormonism. Mormons believe that there have been prophets in the past, so why should there not be pr... ...ny different faiths from an truthful perspective the Unification Church section.6 Holy Bible. appropriate of Revelation, Chapter 12 verse 17.7 https//webmail.stanford.edu/silkymail_pop/imp/login.php 3 A sampling of statements regarding Mrs. Eddys place in Bible prophecy, which have been published by the Christian Science Publishing Society.8 http//205.180.85.40/w/pc.cgi?mid=14891&sid=7271 Jehovahs Witnesses and the use of the word prophet.9 http//www.urantiafoundation.org/about.html A website about the Urantia Book and the subsequent Urantia Foundation.10 http//www.geocities.com/muhammadsite.html A site explicating the role of Muhammad within history and the religion of Islam.11 http//allafrica.com/stories/200211290320.html An interview with an Islamis scholar, Sidi Ali, concerning the terrorist attacks in the Middle East.

Can Ethical Terms Be Defined? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Can Ethical Terms Be Defined? The resolving might keym obvious. Ethical terms can be defined because they have been. Good means merriment commodity means utility good means self-realisation, or self interest and so on. Classical moral philosophy philosophers have apparently had no difficulty at all in defning terms like good. It was just this multitude of different and incompatible definitions however, which led Moore to have some doubts about whether philosophers knew what they were doing when they attempted to define good. Is it unfeignedly possible to define good as one might define trilateral or horse? Are there not some beta differences? Moore is convinced that there are. In the first place, when we define triangle or horse we know what we are defining in the sense that we can see or at least formulate an empirical representation of what we are talking about. We arent able to see goodness, or point to it, at least in the same way. Furthermore when we define triangle as an enclosed three sided skip figure, it makes no sense to ask, but is an enclosed three sided plane figure a triangle? not at least if we know what we are talking about, i.e. a triangle. But if we define good as pleasure for instance, it does seem to make sense to ask but is pleasure (really or always) good? Moore is convinced that it makes sense to ask this question, not merely because we may come to pass to be ignorant of what goodness is, and have thus made a mistake such as would be the case if we defined a triangle as a four sided figure rather the error occurs because we have confused two quite different kinds of things with one another. We have confused a natural property (pleasure) with a non natural property (good). He calls this kind of error a naturalistic fallacy. Since it is bound to occur whenever we attempt to line good with something that isnt, all purported definitions of good commit this fallacy. Good he concludes is indefinable This does not mean however that th e term good is meaningless. On the contrary it is no more meaningless than the term yellow which is also indefinable in the requisite sense. Still the question remains. What does good then refer to ? Certainly not to any sensed property like yellow. It refers, according to Moore, to an intuited and unanalysiable property of goodness which some things have and others do not have.

The Death of the Net Generation has Been Greatly Exaggerated :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Death of the Net Generation has Been Greatly ExaggeratedAmericas youngest generation, the Net Generation, is not destined to become the sex-addicted, morally bankrupt, heroin-overdosing generation that many media types affirm forecasted it will be. As a member of this Net Generation, or an N-Gener, I make love first hand what the values of my generation are, and I know what the future may hold. It is in this respect that I agree with the author of Growing Up Digital, Don Tapscott. Despite the vast array of negative uses for the Internet, there is an equal upside to this form of communication that gives me great hope and confidence in the Net Generation. Tapscott describes the changing ways that N-Geners think, and he sums them up in triplet points. N-Geners have a greater acceptance for diversity, are a curious generation, and have great self-reliance and assertiveness. If this is truly the way minds are changing, Im happy to be a part of it. Since there is no way to tell wh o people are when theyre online, people have to be accepted for who they are. As the author said, You may be something else...like an inanimate object. The fact that youre communicating with a toaster is not primary(prenominal)--its what the toaster has to say (Tapscott, p. 86). N-Geners learn to think about what a person says ofttimes without knowing who said it, thus eliminating any possible bias. N-Geners being a curious generation is perhaps easier to understand. The Internet is a completely new and ever-changing world, creating endless possibilities for exploration. This vast world of information has proven inviting to kids, making the new generation a curious one. Self-reliance and assertiveness are other important qualities gained from the Net. There are web sites for all sorts of purposes, from fantasy football to free speech. The latter gives an interesting example of how methods of assertiveness have evolved. These web sites are the digital equivalent of the 1960s petit ion (Tapscott, p. 87). In other words, the likingls havent changed drastically from 1960 to Y2K, just the methods of expression (and on another level, the ease of expression). Internet-based self-reliance comes from the independent nature of the computer. It is a single console designed for use by a single person. When on the Internet, people decide where to go and what to do entirely on their own, and that idea has been firmly engrained in the minds of N-Geners.

Energy :: essays research papers

-The middle found in the tropical oceans is responsible for the movement of air and the surface ocean over most of the globe. The energy source that drives this pump is solar radiation from the sun.-The second pump is the deep ocean circulation which is also driven by the sun.-The triad pump is the heating of the earths interior by radioactive decay and radiation of heat causes plate tectonics and continents to move. This long term pump has ceased in Mars.-The winds and ocean currents redistribute the energy received from the Sun-Air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas horizontally due to horizontal differences in pressure.-As a parcel of air ardents up it becomes to a greater extent buoyant and the air rises. Warmer air has less density.-Pressure differences among air masses are typically related to the distribution of surface temperatures-The radiation reaching the Earth is spread over larger and larger areas as we move from the equator to the poles. You get more light per unit area at the equator than at high latitudes. -The incoming solar radiation varies with latitude and seasons, whereas the outgoing terrestrial radiation depends on the temperature at the surface and atmosphere. -Primary causes for temperature distribution on earth are because its warmer at the equator and colder at higher latitudes.-The solar radiation absorbed at the surface varies with cloud cover and atmospheric absorption. -Heated air rises at the equator causing air to move towards the equator. This converging air makes up the intertropical convergence zone. - come up air cools which causes it to loose its water in the form of rain. -Areas of rising air cause low pressures. -The warmer stratosphere acts as a barrier to the rising warm air causing it to spread out and diverge. As the air diverges it becomes more and more cooler and it sinks at 30 degrees N/S of the equator (Hadley Cell)-Most of the earths deserts are located at about 30 degrees N/S of the equa tor. Descending air causes an area of high pressure at this 30 degrees N/S-Hadley Cell the convergence occurring in the tropics and divergence some 30 degrees N/S of it is called the Hadley Cell.-The Hadley Cell and the ITCZ are non continuous around the globe. -The equatorward-moving cold air meets the warm air moving poleward from the subtropics producing a zone of steep temperature gradients called the polar front zone at approximately 60 degrees N/S latitude.

Sense of Belonging Explored Through Literature Essay -- Literary Analy

The concept of belonging is deeply fused to humans interrelationships, with acceptance from others being the key to a sense of belonging. Numerous texts polish the fact that engaging in relationships with others, including varying groups and cultures, is constituent(a) to a feeling of belonging. However other texts present ideas that suggest identity is the most integral scene of belonging, or that in fact an introspective alienation from others is necessary to belong. This essay will discuss the importance of acceptance to belonging and also how other aspects conserve equal value with reference to various texts, namely the poems This is My Letter to the World and I had been Hungry all the Years by Emily Dickinson, the artwork The Two Fridas by Frida Kahlo, and the film As it is in Heaven directed by Kay Pollak.Emily Dickinsons poem This is my Letter to the World, presents an exploration of the poets alienation from society and her coincidental desire to connect with it, becaus e displaying her need to belong through connections to others. Dickinsons use of the pronouns, this and that in the first two lines of the poem immediately establishes Dickinson as an orthogonal entity isolated from society. This is further depicted in the contrast created between Dickinsons sweet countrymen and me where the two phrases physical isolation on separate lines exemplifies their disconnectedness and hence demonstrates Dickinsons alienation from the camaraderie connoted by countrymen. Further, in the line the plain news that nature told nature is personified to represent a Pantheistic God. As the simple news is symbolic of Dickinsons work, this places the poet as a vessel for nature and hence relegates Dickinson to a hig... ...nas lessons to Daniel, demonstrate reciprocal relationships which again represent the integral importance of inter-connections. wherefore overall the film contrasts the idea of belonging through religion which stifles emotion and identity, to hu man relationships which are shown as a life-giving ride providing belonging through acceptance and understanding. (318)Overall, all these texts display different aspects of belonging. While The Two Fridas and As it is in Heaven affirm that acceptance from others and within communities is prerequisite to belonging, Dickinsons poetry overall suggests that identity is a more important aspect of belonging, and that in fact alienation from others can develop an inner belonging. Hence it can be seen that belonging is established through varying different mediums, and that acceptance is not solely its most important aspect.

Slaves will be Slaves Essay -- essays research papers

Petronius Arbiter, in Trimalchios Dinner Party, the third chapter of his book Satyricon, mocks the nature of slaves. He was a top official in Rome, that is to say the "Judge of Taste" in Neros court (129). Regardless of the responsibilities he had, he was an aristocrat. The history of Rome was written from an aristocratic perspective because they were the ones who had the specie, ambition and free time to document history. Petronius believed that slaves are low class, and that a slave that has been set free, id est a freedmen, is placid a slave at heart, ergo worthless. Not with all the money in the world could he develop the taste of the upper class. In ancient and forward-looking times alike, money squirtnot buy a good record or social sophistication.While the freeborn papistic boy went to school to learn rhetoric, math, et cetera, the slave boy worked from a very young age. Whether they worked physically, mathematically or sexually, they still worked, which is a p rime difference between them and the freeborn (although the poor freeborn worked, they often were displaced by slaves because slaves were free labor). Sarah Ruden, the translator of this edition of Satyricon, comments that freedmen were like immigrants in America today. Only the particularly ambitious won their freedom. This process has a modern equivalent in which only the most ambitious immigrants tend to prove it to American soil. This process of "self-selection" weeds out the lazy (155). Slaves that had won their freedom had worked very hard from a very early age and thus had the intimacy needed to be successful and amass fortunes. However, what the freedmen could not possibly have learned from that kind of experience is the behavior and manners of a respectful Roman aristocrat. Personality is naturally instilled by living among others in your social class. One cannot completely learn a foreign culture unless he is adopted at an early age by a family in that culture. A lthough slaves lived with families, they performed completely different functions ergo had completely difference experiences and upbringings. Unfortunately for the freedmen who that made it and became rich, they were still socially wanting(p) to the freeborn.Petronius shows that the host of the dinner party, Trimalchio is a crude freedman. He has no respectable virtues. He is cruel to his slaves despite the fact that he was ... ...laying in the funeral procession were as well as loud and it sounded like a fire alarm. The commotion is taken advantage of and they make their escape (60).At Trimalchios dinner party the theme was drunk and bare-knuckled as opposed to relaxed and enjoyable, the nature of the traditional Roman dinner parties (166). It is though this story that Petronius tells us the aristocracys views on uneducated slaves and freedmen. Comparisons can be drawn to its modern equivalent of new money. Exempli gratia, when the latest rap artist from a ghetto makes an album and subsequently gets rich, there is no moral improvement. Money cannot buy character budge. It cannot change behavior, improve social skills or refine the personality. Lacking a warm childhood upbringing to set in good manners, as well as protection from sexual predators, slaves never came close to matching the behavior, values, virtues, morals and decency of the "Good Roman Citizen." In this ancient equivalent to the verse from a Snoop Dogg song, You can take the boy out of the hood, but you cant take the hood out of the Homeboy, no matter how much money and freedom slaves gained, they still are slaves at heart.

Slaves will be Slaves Essay -- essays research papers

Petronius Arbiter, in Trimalchios Dinner Party, the third chapter of his book Satyricon, mocks the nature of slaves. He was a top official in Rome, namely the "Judge of Taste" in Neros court (129). Regardless of the responsibilities he had, he was an aristocrat. The history of Rome was written from an aristocratic perspective because they were the ones who had the money, ambition and free time to document history. Petronius believed that slaves are first-class honours degree class, and that a slave that has been set free, id est a freedmen, is still a slave at heart, ergo worthless. Not with all the money in the world could he develop the taste of the upper class. In ancient and modern times alike, money cannot buy a good personality or social sophistication. speckle the freeborn Roman boy went to school to learn rhetoric, math, et cetera, the slave boy worked from a very young age. Whether they worked physically, mathematically or sexually, they still worked, which is a heyday difference between them and the freeborn (although the poor freeborn worked, they often were displaced by slaves because slaves were free labor). Sarah Ruden, the translator of this edition of Satyricon, comments that freedmen were like immigrants in America today. Only the in particular ambitious won their freedom. This process has a modern equivalent in which only the most ambitious immigrants tend to make it to American soil. This process of "self-selection" widows weeds bulge the lazy (155). Slaves that had won their freedom had worked very hard from a very early age and thus had the experience needed to be prosperous and amass fortunes. However, what the freedmen could not possibly have learned from that kind of experience is the behavior and manners of a respectful Roman aristocrat. Personality is naturally instilled by living among others in your social class. One cannot completely learn a foreign culture unless he is adopted at an early age by a family in t hat culture. Although slaves lived with families, they performed completely different functions ergo had completely difference experiences and upbringings. Unfortunately for the freedmen who that made it and became rich, they were still socially inferior to the freeborn.Petronius shows that the host of the dinner party, Trimalchio is a crude freedman. He has no respectable virtues. He is cruel to his slaves despite the fact that he was ... ...laying in the funeral procession were too loud and it sounded like a fire alarm. The commotion is taken advantage of and they make their escape (60).At Trimalchios dinner party the theme was drunk and disorderly as opposed to relaxed and enjoyable, the nature of the traditional Roman dinner parties (166). It is though this story that Petronius tells us the aristocracys views on uneducated slaves and freedmen. Comparisons can be drawn to its modern equivalent of new money. Exempli gratia, when the latest rap artist from a ghetto makes an album and subsequently gets rich, there is no moral improvement. Money cannot buy character change. It cannot change behavior, improve social skills or refine the personality. Lacking a warm childhood upbringing to set in good manners, as well as protection from sexual predators, slaves never came close to matching the behavior, values, virtues, morals and decency of the "Good Roman Citizen." In this ancient equivalent to the verse from a Snoop Dogg song, You can take the boy out of the hood, but you cant take the hood out of the Homeboy, no matter how much money and freedom slaves gained, they still are slaves at heart.

Critically discuss an established marketing theory Essay

Customer expectations argon increasing because of the increasing choices from a wider range of consumption. Nowadays, clients do non just buy clothes from a boutique, but in any case large retail cut ins, web stores or even mobile ph wiz shopping apps. Claes Fornell International states, the multiple channel models contract on providing information, purchase or fulfillment orders, after-sale servicing and technical support (CFI Group, 2006). There are umpteen see to itations that customers may compensate when they repurchase Past experience, convenience, service, price, harvest-home features, friendship image, and the recommendations of new(prenominal)s. These considerations are determined by the way that companies integrate initial purchases and problem resolution in a multi-channel environment. market mix authorizedly had 12 elements which were delimitate by Broden (1965). Thy are harvest-time planning, pricing, branding, channels distribution, personal selling, advert ising, promotions, packaging, display, servicing, carnal handling, and fact finding and analysis. McCarthy (1964) afterwards re specialised the selling mix based on the idea of Borden. He combined Bordens 12 securities industrying mix elements to the four new elements product, price, place and promotion, in any case called the 4Ps. McCarthy suggested they are combination of all of the factors at a merchandise managers command to satisfy the target market.Therefore, the 4Ps concept is now the most common way in defining marketing mix. It is something that companies need to consider in order to market a product or service, they also provide a guideline for the companies to achieve a successful marketing campaign. The 4Ps are designed to analysis the needs and wants of customers, in order to satisfy them and wherefore attract more customers and sales. Each element of the 4Ps plays an important role in fulfilling the blessedness of customers and these roles change with the chan ging environment of the marketplace. This essay will be covering the concept of 4Ps and also how this concept is applied in the current multi-channel marketplace.The first p Product is the most important thing in an organization. Baines,Fill and varlet (2011) define Anything that can be offered for use and consumption, in exchange for money or some other form of value, is referred to as a product. It might be tangible or intangible. As mentioned in the first paragraph, customers think a lot before they purchase, they do not just buy a product for the function of a product, but many other elements as well. So, product can be divided into 3 different forms in order to understand the elements, which are core, embodied and the augmented forms. Core product consists of the benefit or satisfaction that a customer expects from purchasing a product or service. The benefit can be in terms of either functional or emotional. Embodied product takes account into the physical benefit of a product such as the features, durability, design, packaging and brand name. Augmented product consists of the embodied product and also the other factors affecting the purchase activity.The second p is price. It is described as the amount a customer pays in exchange for goods and services. This is another essential thing to a company, as price determines the money it earns through riding horse the prices of products. Companies have different pricing strategies in order to satisfy their target customers, setting a price for a product is difficult to a company. If the price is too high customers may not be able or volition to purchase whereas a very low price may make the customers think that the product are in very low quality therefore refuse to purchase. How should price be set depends heavily on the product itself and this relates to the expectations of the customers about the product. Not only the quality of the product but also other factors such as features of the product, the packa ging and some other psychosocial expectations determine the price of a product.Place is the next p, it can also be called distribution. Baines, Fill and Page (2011) define this Place or distribution concerns how to place the optimum amount of goods and/or services before the maximum number of a target market at the times and locations they want. It focuses on the availability of the product at the desired place and time. Places can be in many kinds such as physical stores like departmental stores and supermarkets. It can also be in virtual form such as e-malls and e-market.Distribution activities are vital element in creating customer value. A product will provide customer value and satisfaction only if it is available to the customer when and where it is needed, and in the appropriate quality (Douglas, James, and Ellram, 1998). The auction pitch of a product is important as it affects customers satisfaction and the evaluations over the quality of the service. Therefore companies n eed to think and manage well exuberant of the ways of distributing their products or services and here are some crucial factors of delivering goods speed of the delivery, availability, range of choices, level of convenience and also after sale services.lastly is promotion, it is also called marketing communication. Baines, Fill and Page (2011) state, It is used to communicate elements of an organizations offering to a target audience. This offer might refer to a product, a service, or the organization itself as it tries to build its reputation. There are four promoting methods that companies commonly use, which are advertising, public relation, sales promotion and personal selling. in addition today, promoting through Internet is the most popular way as it is cheap and effective, with the rapid development in technology and the increasing amount of access to the Internet. Since the pattern of promotion is to increase customers awareness to a product, companies usually begin to p romote before a particular product is actually launched into the market. that, the volume of promotion depends on the finance of a company. A company with cash flow or other financial problems may find it difficult to implement promotion activities collectable to costs.The marketing mix 4Ps models seem to be a very effective marketing strategy as it gives guidelines to companies of how to market a product or service. However many studies have criticised the 4ps concept as not being customer oriented. Todays marketplace is customer oriented, companies should do everything in the favor of customers. Therefore, the original 4Ps marketing mix model defined by E McCarthy that is claimed to be product-oriented should be adjusted.Lauterborn (1990) suggests that the 4ps elements should be considered in the customers perspective, through converting the 4Ps to 4Cs, which is from product to customer solution, price to cost of customer, place to convenience, and promotion to communication. Ml ler (2006)criticised the 4Ps marketing mix in 4 areas Internal orientation, lack of consumer interactivity, void of theoretical content and does not offer help for personification of marketing activities. The mix does not take into account the element of service marketing, it also ignores the relationship building with the customers. The idea of the marketing mix has implied the central element as marketers but this is not correct. Customer-focused management should be the core of marketing.So nowadays in the marketplace, companies focus heavily on the ways of engaging with customers, by offering good customer services and provide the best buying experience to the customers. It is no longer just focus on the product itself. Apples product like iphone and Macbook are designed fashionable together with newest technology and good functions. However the company also pays huge effort in serving the customers, the features and functions of the product are not the only concerns. Well-desig ned Apple stores and massive amount of staff in each store provide a good atmosphere for the customers when they are making purchases. This provides memorable buying experience to the customers and therefore huge amount of sales can be generated.In the side of promotion, companies no longer promote their products by emphasising the features of the product but to engage with the customers. Many organisations use social network sites such as Facebook and Twitter as their promotion platform. Pages are created and the purpose of that is to interact with the customers. They tend to build relationships with customers through updating companys status frequently and also observation from the customers activities. The TV adverts of the iphone now focus more on how it gets involved in customers daily life. It does not just mention the functions of the phone but set off the way that iphone improves our life.Besides, there are also significant changes of the distribution of products under the multi-channel market place. More customers now make their purchase online instead of in store. This is because of the rapid development of technology and the increased popularity of online shopping, and it is convenience as well. This change has caused huge impact on the retailing industry. Increasing numbers of customers download movies and songs from theInternet or iTunes Store, this made companies such as Blockbuster and HMV suffers, causing them to close stores and cut the number of staff.The use of marketing mix of a company depends on many factors, such as the finance of the company, the resources available and also the changing condition of the market and customers wants. The 4Ps are closely related, one change of one of the Ps has direct effect on the others. Companies need to pay huge attention to the current market with rapid changes, in order to make adjustments to their marketing mix. The 4Ps marketing mix, has been criticised by different studies in terms of its limitat ions to the current consumer-oriented market. However, despite the limitations, this concept still remains strong because of its simplicity. The majority of the marketing textbooks still define marketing mix with the component of the 4Ps.Companies still manage their marketing mix on the basis of this concept, perhaps with little variations according to the market condition. It is better for raft to learn the 4Ps concept of marketing mix even though the concept might not fit into todays marketplace, as it is relevant and it provides a clear guideline. Although there are many new marketing approaches and frameworks that have been suggested by different studies, these findings still cannot be agreed in the real trade life as they are just raised theoretically but not empirically. This is because there is still a lack of data about how practitioners make use of the marketing mix to tackle the marketing problems, there is also a lack of effects of the 4Ps components on the success or f ailure of marketing programmes (E. Constantinides 2006). However, it is still preferable for the companies to consider improving the limitations of the 4Ps framework by taking account into the other suggested approaches that are focusing more on the customer side, wedded that the frequently changing of the customer behavior and wants.ReferencesE. Constantinides (2006) The Marketing ripple Revisited Towards the 21st Century Marketing, Journal of Marketing Management, 223-4, 407-438 (Online), Available http//dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725706776861190 (Accessed 28 November 2013)Russ Merz, Ph.D. (2006) Customer-Focused Strategies in the Multi-Channel Marketplace, (Online), Available http//www.vigilmetrics.com/Resources/Articles/CFI-Multi-Channel-Strategy.pdf (Accessed 28 November 2013)Marketing Mix 7Ps That Defines The Meaning Of The Marketing Mix, (Online), (2013) Available http//marketingmix.co.uk/definition/ (Accessed 28 November 2013)Chai Lee Goi (2009), A Review of Marketing Mix 4Ps or More?, international journal of marketing studies, (Online), Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-14. Available www.ccsenet.org/journal.html (Accessed 29 November 2013)Baines, Fill and Page (2011), Marketing, 2nd ed., United States, Oxford University PressBorden, N.H. (1964), The concept of the Marketing Mix, Journal of Advertising Research, June, pp 2-7. .McCarthy, E.J. (1964), Basic Marketing, a Managerial Approach, Homewood, Ill. Richard D. Irwin, Inc..Lauterborn, B. (1990). New Marketing Litany Four Ps Pass C-Words Take Over. Advertising Age, 61(41), 26.

How Do William Golding and Williams Shakespeare Present Disturbed Characters?

How do William Golding and William Shakespeare present disturbed characters? In Lord of the Flies Golding presents disturbed characters as savage and blood-thirsty. After his ca procedure experience in world war two, he seems to believe everybody has a savage personality and thriving which is brought out through an extreme situation. Golding uses the technique of evo tycoon sense from the referee through the use of innocent children committing unthinkable actions.He conveys his views through the ever growing savage characters of Jack and Roger, whereas Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as a mentally disturbed character consumed with an obsession of becoming a part of the hierarchy within society. In the first chapter of Lord of the Flies Golding uses the Island as an allegorical object, presenting the public overview of society and civilisation. The Island can be represented as the Garden of Eden an internal institutionalise of perfection to be undisturbed and civil.It seems to be an idyllic place for some time with rules and order passim, this is up until it is corrupted and nature is changed by the boys savage intentions. This relates to biblical themes of the Garden of Eden once corrupted by gentleman (Adam & Eve). We also see a use of pathetic fallacy, the Island in this sense is more important than any liaison, it foreshadows the events which are beginning to unfold. Throughout both(prenominal) pieces of Literature Shakespeare and Golding use religious beliefs and values in Macbeth the uses of supernatural creatures like the witches represent a devil like figure.The strong Christian themes in the play and during Elizabethan clock made them even more evil, Shakespeare conveys Lady Macbeth as the total opposite of what a women should be. She knows as a female she is limited because of her gender, she asked to be make full with cruelty which is ironic because she created the plan to kill the King. This point is significant in the quote unsex me her e. Similarly you could argue the beast brought to the attention of the boys by a littlun is equally as important.Simon proposes the beast is only the boys imagination itself, although they laugh off his idea, Simon is central to the novel he links to Goldings point of innate human evil which exists. He is the first boy to acknowledge that the beast is an external force of human nature. Lady Macbeth is first introduced to us as Macbeths loving wife, she seems thrilled to hear of her husbands progression in social status. Her first reaction is to concoct a plan to kill the king we are equally as shocked as Macbeth when she pours her spirits in thine ear.This leads us to believe she is a somewhat calculating character. Lady Macbeth thus begins to develop into manipulating Macbeth, she uses blackmail such as break this enterprise to me? she weakens Macbeth you were a man implies she does not think of him as being worthy to be called a man. To some extent Lady Macbeth is to blame, as s oon as she hears of Macbeths news her character is blinded by ambition. Similarly the three witches give Macbeth prophesies tether to the evil plan which is soon presented.The first significant change in their family comes when she creates a description of juxtaposition, turning a pure and natural thing into a horrific image saying she would have dashd the brains out of their unborn child. Using this hypothetic situation Macbeth is beginning to consider the consequences, she uses pronouns you and I implying they are equally as involved and together through all of it. Golding presents the character of Jack as a developing character of savagery throughout the novel.He compares the constipation of Jacks civilized and well brought up mind with his lust and instinct to hunt. This is shown when the boys try and outline order on their island. jackstones reaction to this is aggressive and intolerant- bollocks to the rules Were strong- we hunt . Here we see that he seems manipulative towa rds the other characters trying to control them into following him as the leader. When the stem of boys head up the mountain our perception as to Jacks cruelty is further developed.This is shown when Jack is seen to snatch the glasses from Piggys shell His specs- use them as burning glasses. Golding uses this cruel streak in Jack so the reader feels sympathetic to lesser characters such as Piggy. The deterioration of civilization on the island first begins with the breaking of the conch, in the novel the conch symbolises rules, like a school bell when the noise sounds it enforces a sense of regulation and order. secondly the fire symbolises a feeling of hope, it is the one thing that could save them and mean rescue.Contrastingly it represents destruction and corruption, it destroys the idyllic feel of the island first presented to us by Golding. identity operator is a main theme in both Lord of the flies and Macbeth, Golding uses the technique of theriomorphism to give Jack anim alistic qualities. For example Golding says he passed his tongue across his dry lips and scanned the uncommunicative forest conveying Jack as a primitive character. In other words Golding is beginning to show Jacks impulsive and has a compulsion to kill, giving the reader an impression of his savage streak emerging.He also uses the word uncommunicative which literally is telling the reader the island is abandoned but foreshadows what is to come. This is an effective word choice because it gives an insight to the communication which causes their downfall. Our understanding of what is to come differs from the previous text Coral Island the wildness of the surroundings influences changes in characters such as Jack to take natural animalistic instincts contradicting the theme of happy endings as conveyed in Coral Island.A link between both Lord of the Flies and Macbeth is that both involve a sense of changing identity and deterioration of characters. During Elizabethan times when Shake speare wrote Macbeth, the social-scale of class and stature was called the divine make up of kings. External factors of society such as religion and the threat of war makes the actions of a simple Elizabethan wife seem unthinkable. From the beginning of the play onwards, the relationship of Macbeth and his wife is one of equality.Straight away we are aware that Lady Macbeth is highly respected by her husband my dearest partner of greatness is how he addresses her in the letter. A change of identity is suggested to Macbeth, Lady Macbeth says Your hand, your tongue look like the innocent flower But be the serpent undert She is controlling him, telling him to convey a normal front yet be the killer you know you are beneath. Contrastingly Jack uses paint to dog his face in Lord of the Flies, this is a primitive, tribal act in which he can cover his identity and be the hunter he insists upon.As we come to the final videos of the play, not only can we see a mental deterioration but Sha kespeares use of iambic pentameter conveying her as physically and mentally disturbed. During such times mental illness was not understood and looked upon as being mad. In act 3 scene 4 she has changed completely, a doctor and gentle-women observe her as she has clearly become mentally out of control. Lady Macbeth even imagines herself with hands covered with blood, there is a stream of guilt as she shows her fragmented speech reflecting her thoughts and soliloquy out, damned spot I say

Presence of Illuminati Through Ideologies Essay

Final Draft Presence of Illuminati through Ideologies The term Illuminati has been frequently used by historians in the old millennium to name secretive groups that existed and operated during the past some centuries. One of the more(prenominal) important secretive groups and the most famous Illuminati group until date were known as the Bavarian Illuminati although directly it is simply known as The Illuminati.According to a source, it was founded in 1776 by a group of intellectual, European-establish scientists, also known as freethinkers, during the judiciousness era as a result of demoralization by religious factions of their belief that scientific ideologies could exist side-by-side with different religious teachings (Illuminati, n. d. ).Of the religious factions that somewhat stood against science, the Vatican metropoliss Catholic Church is thought to have continuously oppressed advances in the scientific field by these European-based scientists and hence contri exactlyed l argely in the organic law of an Illuminati fraternity whose members solely believed in scientific logic. Barkun (2003) believes the Illuminati existed for a small period in time, roughly eleven years, before being brought down due to infiltration among themselves by the Bavarian government in the year 1787.Yet, because of the secrecy and infiltration among regional governments the Illuminati were known for, mevery tidy sum believed and salvage believe in their rather peak period after their supposed downfall. Illuminati ideologies like science over holiness and total world run across on upper hierarchy by single entity unknowingly being part of our systems can result in too much authority to the group that no longer includes only scientists but also highly plyful people. According to Stone (2004), present day influential depositers, industrialists(-1-) nd statesman situated in the Western Europe and trades union American regions follow Illuminati ideologies that disturb m ost of the other countries in the world excluding very few Islamic countries and China who have been able to only average resist the influence. Many theories have come up stating that the Illuminati was able to gradually infiltrate the higher levels of Free Masons, another(prenominal) secrecy group, whose lower hierarchy was and is common with the public, perhaps to gain some sort of insulation. In fact, it can be noticed in western-based cultivation systems in the world immediately where science and scientific logic is more often than not given more importance than different religious perspectives. Opponents of this point argue that religion in general is silent and practiced by a very large number people side-by side with scientific studies and logic. These people deem scientific logic as still very young in comparison to religious logic and that science has ever since been changing not only in terms of developing pertly things but also in terms of modifying old findings whi le religion does not seem to go against itself.Although it is true that religion is practiced by a very large number of people, the fact that it is not promoted enough in educational institutes influenced by western-based education (-2-) systems in comparison to science today shows how the ideology of science over religion has slowly sneaked into the education sector itself. It can be seen that in places where science and western-based education systems are flourishing, a lot of people tend to look at everything based on the scientific logic and are gradually deviating from religious teachings that are mostly only inherited from parents today without them really knowing about it.Stone (2004) had once said in one of his articles that through control of institutes of higher studies, the western primary, secondary and tertiary education systems will be influenced by the authority of science. According to another writer known as Bradshaw, David Tappan, a professor of Divinity at Harvar d, had once warned the colleges students of the extent of influence Illuminati agents had in the newly created United States of America (2003).Tappan had also talked about how one of the main aims of these influential people was to gain total control over the direction of education in the States. We can see in our small history how education of any type or in any field has played a very important role in the world when it comes to developing peoples minds and somewhat molding their counseling of thinking. Add to this the main theme of the article Rising above the Storm Science Education in the 21st Century, that increase in science education is the key for the future of the U.S. frugality and that the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) should work to increase promotion of science in western-based education systems (n. d. ) and we can see how influence of science over religion is greater than ever through these education systems that are already science-based increasing the likeliness of Illuminati presence. Another Illuminatist ideology is that of infiltration among governments. Opponents of this ideology believe that the representatives of the Illuminati are just now highly publicized for(-3-) nfiltration among many North American and Western Europe governments and gain of power to affect world decisions perhaps due to the Illuminatis priming coat of successful infiltrations among many governments in the past. They use the point that we live in a world of many strong antiauthoritarian nations with some nations still continue to be under sovereign rule today to argue that it is highly unlikely that the Illuminatists are able to infiltrate governments today.They also argue that even if they someways manage to do so, they will not be able to influence any final decision-making due to the fact that so many government policies and rules are in place in each country to facilitate decision-making and that it seems far-fetched to think that such stro ng governments not only have been infiltrated by a few people but also have lost too much authority or power in making important decisions among each of the nations.With so many nations becoming democratic, we can see how easy it has become for Illuminatists to infiltrate other governments through the spread of democratic policies and get closer to achieving enough power to affect the entire worlds decisions making the likely or eventual existence of the Illuminati a possibility indeed. Examples of a few events that were against the beliefs of many democratic nations but yet took place are the forceful formation of the Jewish nation of Israel and the creation of region-based barter blocs side-by-side with promotion of free trade.Creation of a region-based trading bloc binds its regional country members into some sort of a single empire or one country and affects in the sense that it causes sudden changes to the way people in individual countries used to work and trade with other re gional and non-regional countries. A third Illuminatist ideology is that of collecting real or lifelike wealth through the private banking sector. Banking is not something new but the ways banks function has always been changing in the course of our history.Private interest-rate banking was also another centuries old development but became increasingly popular among the general public from the late 18th century as a mode of safely storing and tardily trading accumulated natural wealth such as gold and rare metals through paper receipts commonly known to us today as money or(-5-) currency. These receipts, initially basically used to replace unnecessary physical transactions of gold and metals, are now looked upon as a symbolism of wealth.Since this operational system of storing real wealth and giving out receipts allows for easy movement and calculation of wealth which in turn results in faster bank-related transactions, private banking is thought to have played a immense role r ole in economic development of many nations. From the average individual bank user to the big businesses and bankers themselves comprises a large group of ardent supporters of private banking and they undoubtedly argue in favor of private interest-rate banking.Their point of argument is based on the basic idea that private banking is the competitive and essential sector of banking where private firms compete against each other with the main aim of making huge profits and so it is very difficult if not impossible for followers of Illuminati ideology of natural wealth collection to use private interest-rate banking to their advantage and affect world economies. There is no doubt that wealth transfer has been made easy through banking but this has happened at the replacement of natural reserves of gold, fossil oil and land with paper and electronic money/currency for economic transactions.All Illuminati ideologies lead to the main aim of gradual formation of a single entity, more comm only known as New World Order (NWO), by controlling positions in the upper hierarchy of each countrys thought body through the spread of organizations in support of democratic policies, the removal of sovereignty and the creation of international organizations such as United Nations and hence impact the individual people negatively.

How Useful Are Sources A to C To Explain Why The United States Became Involved In The War In Vietnam?

Sources A-C gives us some insight into why the USA fought and got involved in Vietnam and reveals a number of reasons about Vietnam. I shall be reviewing severally antecedent from which I engender stated above. Sources A, B and C.Source A is a primary public speech made by professorship Johnson (Lyndon Baines Johnson) in April 1965 just hotshot month after the start of Operation Rolling Thunder helping to stop socialism according to the provenance. In the speech Johnson is stating in the source, I quote We fight in Vietnam because we have a cry to keep. By this statement indeed Johnson did want his opinions to be heard and notified by his cranny American citizens, so they shall believe every word that comes out of Johnsons mouth.This was due to a promise being made by President Eisenhower when he was pick out president in the year of 1953. Lyndon Johnson wishes all the Americans to trust in what he is saying to be 100% truthful and is trying to carry on regarding the promise made by Eisenhower and earn everyones respect. The Truman Doctrine was also mentioned about. This is a list of every American President who had been elective in year 1948 to agree with a discordant amount of promises which they written then had to sign. Truman Doctrine was a promise they were fighting for promised to help when there are any threats of socialism. So Johnson decided he wanted to do the same thing, so he signed and agreed once president.In the year of 1954, President Eisenhower and JFK started transporting advisers as the first president Kennedy would have wanted. From the tone of Johnsons words in the speech, you can tell he jus maybe talking in a religious manner and might even be a religious person within the speech.President Lyndon Johnson wants to reassure every single American citizen about the Domino Theory. This was a theory of a mid-20th century foreign policy theory. The title Domino is given to this theory because it can end up like a stack of dominos. Thi s is because if you let one hoidenish fall to communism then each over country around that county would then soon fol humbled falling one to another and become communism itself and Johnson was petrified of this happening. Lyndon Johnson is trying to make everyone go and fight in the Vietnam War. As most of the American citizens believed this is what would eventually happen if just one country did fall to communism and its why Johnson is trying to justify himself.In the year of 1945 nearly all of all the American leaders all offered to help and give their own survive of the Vietnam War. President Eisenhower was a well respected and great general of the war. There was one thing which was expected to be achieved or aimed said by President Johnson in the speech, I quotethe independence of the southernmost and the freedom of the people of South Vietnam to guide their own country in their own way.The Americans also imagine that theyre available to strengthen world order because the U. S.A as democratic wanting to stop communism. Although there were two countries that relied on the Americans if they were at any point attacked which were Thailand and Berlin. If Vietnam was left field to fight for itself, then it would increasingly look terrible on some of the promises which the Americans agreed with, due to Americans believing it was their duty and their own right to fight for Vietnam. Johnson implied, I quote to leave Vietnam to its fate would shake the value of an American commitment and in the value of Americas word. The result would be instability and unrest, and even wider war.I could say this source is being very sloping, due to because Johnson is only giving his own opinion on what the American citizens want to hear, whilst he is keeping his truly thoughts inside and not expressing his personal opinions. The source can be seen quite useful, but has limitations, as I have stated, its a public speech where Johnson isnt very voicing his truths about what he thinks of Vietnam. To look at Johnsons person views, then I can begin to study source B.Source B is a private primary speech made by President Johnson in May 1964 according to the provenance. At this point in time, Lyndon Baines Johnson was only just elected president. With Johnson being V.P. (Vice President) he knew a mint regarding Vietnam and knew how everything worked. Lyndon Johnson became the thirty-seventh Vice President in the years from and to 1963-1965. Johnson was one of the major leaders of the Democratic Party. Also Lyndon Johnson was the one who were in charge of creating the Great Society.President Lyndon Baines in this private speech is discussing a number of things which includes criticizing most of his very own American citizens. I quote I dont think the people of our country know much about Vietnam, and I think we care a hell of a lot less(prenominal). From Johnson stating these words, he is blatantly calling most of the American citizens dumb, thick and lack of knowledge about the Vietnam. With Johnson saying this, he has a very low profile on the American citizens and implies that the U.S.A cannot win the war.In public no-one would use the word hell like Johnson did in the speech, due to it being a southerly religious Texan society which al ways stayed faithful and dont appreciate foul language such as swearing. Speaking in Private Johnson doesnt care what he is implying and doesnt have to bite his tongue to try and stop himself from voicing his very own opinions like he does when speaking out in public. As Johnson knows that none of the American citizens shall hear what he really thinks about them.In this source President Johnson is really voicing his opinions. You know this by Johnson saying, I quote I dont think we can fight them ten thousand miles away from home, I dont think its worth fighting for. What the hell is Vietnam worth to me? Johnson is agreeing that the U.S.A need to stand up to communism, as Johnson is terrified of commun ism. Although, he is trying to get his personal views across which is stating Vietnam is not worth anything at all. Its like Lyndon Johnson isnt really concerned and couldnt care less about his people and about the Vietnam War.Its showing us that Johnson is scared and has fears of communism taking over the world as states and that the political consideration Lets move on, lets go into the North are just being selfish.We have to be very suspicious within this speech, as it hasnt been edited or tampered with and indeed if its all whole trustworthy. Possibly was it taped? As it has been to believed that since President Johnson been president in the white house his office was monitored by everything that had been said by recorders. But is this really secure and exactly what U.S.A. President Lyndon Baines Johnson really said? As I have stated before it can be edited in various ways making things sound different from what has actually been said, which could make this source a limitation .Source C is a secondary speech of a modern generator interview with Professor Noam Chomsky, an American critic of the war in October 1982 according to the provenance underneath the extract. The interview is talking about political reasons of the U.S.A and how they went to war which was to look out on Vietnam. Also to discontinue South Vietnam from independence and indeed there was an attack on South Vietnam from the U.S.A. Professor Noam Chomsky says, I quote, The U.S. did not want an independent South Vietnam that was no longer dominated by America. It feared that South Vietnam might be able to reform and improve itself develop its economy- and that might work.Chomsky is being biased due to him being an anti-American, and is therefore being biased towards the American country.To sum up the conclusion of sources A-C all have value and limitations. In my view source B is most useful as its a private speech where Johnson is criticizing most of his own American citizens by using ne gative comments and is saying what he really thinks about Vietnam along with the citizens plus America. Once this private speech with Johnsons personal opinions and views about Vietnam, the tape was then exposed to everyone. Therefore source B is definitely the most useful out of them all.

Marginal Costing

What is marginal belling? What are its features? What are the basic assumptions made by Marginal Costing? Marginal Costing is ascertainment of the marginal bell which varies directly with the people of fruition by differentiating between frozen bes and variable costs and in conclusion ascertaining its effect on make headway. The basic assumptions made by marginal costing are following Total variable cost is directly proportion to the level of activity. However, variable cost per unit remains constant at all the levels of activities. Per unit sell price remains constant at all levels of activities. checkly the items produced by the organisation are sold off. Features of Marginal costing It is a method of recoding costs and reporting profits. It involves ascertaining marginal costs which is the difference of fixed cost and variable cost. The operating costs are differentiated into fixed costs and variable costs. Semi variable costs are also split up in the individual c omponents of fixed cost and variable cost. Fixed costs which remain constant regardless of the volume of production do not get under ones skin place in the product cost determination and inventory valuation. Fixed costs are treated as period charge and are create verbally off to the profit and loss account in the period incurred. Only variable costs are taken into consideration while computing the product cost. Prices of products are based on variable cost only. Marginal contribution decides the advantageousness of the products. What are the limitations of Marginal Costing? The limitations of Marginal Costing The classification of total costs into fixed and variable cost is difficult. In this technique fixed costs are totally eliminated for the valuation of inventory of finished and semi-finished goods.Such elimination affects the profitability adversely. In marginal costing historical data is used while management decisions are related to future events. It does not provi de any measuring rod for the evaluation of performance. Selling price fixed on the basis of marginal cost go forth be useful only for short period of time. estimation of profitability on the marginal cost base arse be used only in the short period of time. What is Cost Volume-Profit relationship? Cost Volume-Profit (CVP) relationship is an analysis which studies the relationships between the following factors and its impact on the amount of profits. Selling price per unit and total sales amount Total cost which whitethorn be in any form i. e. fixed cost or Variable cost. -Volume of sales In simple words, CVP is a management news report tool that expresses relationship among total sales, total cost and profit. Cost Volume-Profit relationship is one of the historic techniques of cost and management accounting. It is a powerful tool which furnishes the breeze through picture of the profit structure and helps in planning of profits. It can also answer what if type of questions by telling the volume required to produce.This concept is relevant in all decision making areas, particularly in the short run. Explain P/V ratio and Contribution. P/V Ratio P/V Ratio (Profit Volume Ratio) is the ratio of contribution to sales which indicates the contribution earned with respect to one rupee of sales. It also measures the rate of change of profit due to change in volume of sales. Its fundamental property is that if per unit sales price and variable cost are constant then P/V Ratio will be constant at all the levels of activities. A change in fixed cost does not affect P/V Ratio. It is calculated as under Contribution * 100) / gross sales (Change in profits * 100) / (Change in sales) A high P/V Ratio indicates that a slight increase in sales without increase in fixed costs will result in higher profits. A low P/V ratio which indicates low profitability can be improved by increasing selling price, reducing marginal costs or selling products having high P/V ratio. Co ntribution It is the difference between sales revenue and variable cost (also known as variable cost). Variable cost is the important cost in deciding profitability as fixed costs are ignored by marginal costing. It can be expressed in two ways Sales Revenue Variable Cost Fixed Cost + Profit The situation generating higher contribution is treated as a profitable situation. Explain come across Even Point. How does BEP help in making business decision? Break Even Point (BEP) is a volume of sales where there is neither loss nor profit. That means contribution is enough to cover the fixed costs. Thus, we can say that Contribution = Fixed Cost whatever contribution generated after BEP will directly result into profits as the fixed costs are fully covered now. BEP can be computed in two ways In terms of Quantity- Fixed Costs / Contribution per unitIn terms of Amount- (Fixed Costs) / (P/V Ratio) BEP (Break Even Point) is the situation where there is neither loss nor profit. At this st age, the contribution is enough to cover the fixed costs i. e contribution is equal to fixed cost. Contribution generated after the break even point will result in profits for the organisation. Profit maximization is the motive of every organisation. Thus, every organisation use BEP as a base to take discordant decisions in regard to its sales volume and tries to increase it so that total fixed costs can be covered as early as possible and more profits can be earned.Explain Margin of Safety. Margin of Safety is the amount of sales which generates profit. In other words, sales beyond Break Even Point are known as Margin of Safety. It is calculated as the difference between total sales and the break even sales. It can be expressed in monetary terms or number of units. It can be expressed as below Margin of Safety = Sales Break Even Sales = Sales (Fixed Cost) / (P/V Ratio) = ((Sales * (P/V) Ratio) Fixed Cost) / (P/V) Ratio = (Contribution Fixed Cost) / (P/V) Ratio = Profit / (P/V) RatioThe size of margin of safety is an extremely important guide to the financial strength of a business. If margin of safety is large, which indicates that BEP is much below the actual sales, that means business is in a sound tally and reduction in sales will not affect the profit of the business. On the other hand, if margin of safety is low, any loss of sales may be a serious matter. Thus, efforts need to be made to reduce fixed costs, variable costs or increasing the selling price or sales volume to improve contribution and overall P/V Ratio.

Knowledge of Theory Essay

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of affection or infirmity. Therefore somatogenic, mental and social is the three different types of well-beings of health.Physical health Physical fitness is good bodily health, and is the result of regular exercise, strait-laced nutriment and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A good height, weight is very good, is generally increased by improving nutrition and health care, and is also influenced by the standard of living and quality of life.Mental health Mental health is a concept that refers to a human individuals steamy and psychological well-being. One way to think about mental health is by looking at how effectively and successfully a person functions. resourceful and competent, being able to handle normal levels of stress, maintain satisfying relationships, and lead an independent life.Social health Social health is if your social life is good, if you assumet have problems with your sport partners, and no problems of money, basically social health is if you have a good life, and you dont have many problems with friends and family. bring on friends that you corporation be open with, etcFitness can be defined as the capacity to carry out the days activities without undue fatigue.Physical fitness has two meanings general fitness (a state of health and well-being) and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability to make specific aspects of sports or occupations). Physical fitness is the capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, and muscles to function at optimum efficiency.General fitness Physical fitness is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery within the parameters allowed by the genome.ComponentsStamina- to maintain effort (both cardiovascular and muscular) with stamina in foot formal you last continuing while you playing a match and it makes you play the game better.Strenght- to deal with the efforts and loads placed on the body with strenght youll be able to tackle the ball and the reverse player harder and with more power.Supplness- to move joints through their full range youll be more agil while you doing skills in football.Speed- to contract muscles quickly and slowly youll run faster than your opponent while you playing football.Specific fitness Specific or task-oriented fitness is a persons ability to perform in a specific activity with a reasonable efficiency. Specific teach prepares athletes to perform good in their sports.In all the sessions I worked with Habib, he was my circumference training partner. During some session we had some interruptions from some people. The first session was the hardest one, but after the session it started to get easier.I think I can do better then this, I progressed in all the sessions, but not that much in the push-ups, I think I progressed in about all the sessions because I have been working harder each tour.In all my lesson it were almost all the same, I worked always with Habib and was very easy .Session 1- I worked with Habib and it was a bit difficult doing this circuit at the first time. There was lots of pupils messing around.Session 2- I worked with Habib again and it was much easier to do the circuit this time, there were some disturbances during the circuit.Session 3-I worked with Habib and was a good circuit with less interruption then the last time.Session 4 -I worked with Habib once again and it was alike(p) as the last circuit in terms of behaviour. But it was much easier to do the exercises.Session 5-I worked with Habib for the last time , the behaviour terms were good and I had to do ma vanquish in the exercises and I did.PlanningI think I didnt use any pre-test results. I think that the training should have been harder den what it was. I applied some of the training in my circuit. They were specified to my sport, the sport that I choose w as football .I used all the best sections that I think that would apply better to my specific sport.PerformingI progressed in almost all my sessions of my circuit, but there was one that I didnt progress that much. The keep-ups, bench raisers. I did all my session for 11min and a rest of 30s. After that I amend a lot in each of the exercises charm is a example that the circuit training resulted and that is worth doing it.MonitoringOver the 5 week my skills in the types of session that I choose improved a lot, the heart rate and the rovery rate stayed the same. Witch is a good result an that shows a bit of improvement and that shows if you do the circuit training properly the results go out be great.Final EvaluationMy circuit training was good, but not successful enough, because it based in my sport but if it had more sessions it could be improved more. My training was more based in my legs, and my legs work improved a bit. My skills improved a lot and I enjoyed doing this type of circuit. This is very useful to be done in footbal beciuse there is evidence it improves the players skills.

Grammatical aspect Essay

Use the unproblematic past durations to express the appraisal that an deed started and blameless at a proper(postnominal) time in the knightly. Sometimes, the speaker may non in reality mention the specific time, but they do have peerless specific time in mind. Examples I saw a movie yesterday. I didnt see a play yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didnt travel to Korea. Did you have dinner last night? She water-washed her car. He didnt wash his car. pulmonary tuberculosis 2 A Series of Completed Actions pic We commit the fair other(prenominal) to list a series of completed fills in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.Examples I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 800, checked into the hotel at 900, and met the others at 1000. Did you impart flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? role 3 Duration in historical pic The unsubdivided historica l can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action of ecstasy indicated by reflections such as for devil days, for five proceedings, each day, all year, etc. Examples I lived in brazil for two years. Shauna canvass Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all day. They did non cohere at the party the entire time. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. A How long did you wait for them? B We waited for one hour. delectation 4 Habits in the Past pic The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same intend as used to. To make it clear that we are talk of the town about a habit, we often add expressions such as always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. Examples I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin. He didnt play the piano. Did you play a musical legal instrument when you were a kid? She worked at the movie theater after(prenominal) school. They never went to school, they always skipped class. USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations pic The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression used to. Examples She was shy as a child, but straightaway she is very outgoing. He didnt like tomatoes in the lead. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past. IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First.Clauses are groups of run-in which have incriminateing but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses incur with the formulate when such as when I dropped my pen or when class began These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very crucial. The examples at a lower place contain when-clauses. Examples When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question. She answered my question when I paid her o ne dollar. When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question.It is not important whether when I paid her one dollar is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar. Example I paid her one dollar when she answered my question. ADVERB situation The examples below tape the placement for grammar adverbs such as always, only, never, ever, still, undecomposed, etc. Examples You vindicatory called Debbie. Did you just call Debbie? Past endless FORM was/were + present participle Examples You were examine when she called. Were you studying when she called? You were not studying when she called. Complete List of Past Continuous Forms USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past pic Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time. Examples I was watching TV when she called. When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. term we were having the picnic, it started to rain. What were you doing when the earthquake started? I was listening to my iPod, so I didnt hear the fire alarm. You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven rancid. While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. Sammy was postponement for us when we got off the plane. While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off. A What were you doing when you broke your leg? B I was snowboarding. USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption pic In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interrupt ion. Examples Last night at 6 PM, I was feeding dinner. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work. IMPORTANT In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to point when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action. Examples Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. I started feeding at 6 PM. Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. I started earlier and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner. USE 3 Parallel Actions pic When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel. Examples I was studying while he was devising dinner. While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. Were you listening while he was talking? I wasnt paying trouble while I was writing the letter, so I made several(prenominal) mistakes. What were you doing while y ou were time lag? doubting Thomas wasnt working, and I wasnt working either. They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a soundly time. USE 4 halo In side of meat, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past. Example When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were postponement to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service. USE 5 repeating and Irritation with Always pic The Past Continuous with words such as always or continuously expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression used to but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words always or constantly amid be and verb+ing. Examples She was always coming to class late. H e was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. I didnt like them because they were always complaining. While vs. When Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word when such as when she called or when it bit me. Other clauses begin with while such as while she was sleeping and while he was surfing. When you talk about things in the past, when is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas while is usually followed by Past Continuous.While expresses the idea of during that time. Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence. Examples I was studying when she called. While I was studying, she called. cerebrate Non-Continuous Verbs / conglomerate Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in some(prenominal) continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in cont inuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you moldiness use Simple Past. Examples Jane was being at my house when you arrived. non Correct Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples You were just studying when she called. Were you just studying when she called? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. Active The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. Passive Past pure(a) FORM had + past participle Examples You had studied English out front you move to unexampled York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. Complete List of Past perfective tense Forms USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past pic The Past undefiled expresses the i dea that something occurred before another(prenominal) action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Examples I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not book in advance. A Had you ever visited the U. S. before your trip in 2006? B Yes, I had been to the U. S. once before. USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) pic With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.Examples We had had that c ar for ten years before it broke down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for all all over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words live, work, teach, and study are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific clock with the Past Perfect pic.Unlike with the sacrifice Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVER pic If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. here(predicate) Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.Correct ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples George had repaired many cars before he true his mechanics license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. Passive Past Perfect Continuous FORM had been + present participle Examples You had been waiting thither for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Complete List of Past Perfect Continuous Forms USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past pic We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. For five minutes and for two weeks are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous.Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past. Examples They had bee n talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?B I had not been studying Turkish very long. USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past pic employ the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect. Examples Jason was tired because he had been jogging. Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. Betty failed the final trial because she had not been attending class. Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous If you do not allow a duration such as for five minutes, for two weeks or since Friday, many English speakers learn to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past P erfect Continuous.Be careful because this can flip the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the past. Study the examples below to understand the difference. Examples He was tired because he was exercising so hard. This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he was exercising at that exact moment. He was tired because he had been exercising so hard. This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over a full stop of time.It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment OR that he had just finished. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Past Perfect. Examples The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not Correct The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct ADVERB PLACEMENT.The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived. Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurants fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. Active The restaurants fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. Passive NOTE Passive forms of the Past Perfect Continuous are not common.

Transforming of South Korean Economy and the “Chaebols”’ Riddle

Nadezhda Sargonlska ID 10210680317 EMA- Chinese Economy School of stintings Fudan University Transforming of atomic number 16 Korean Economy and the Chaebols riddle Political Economy of einsteinium Asia Term Paper Professor Dingping Guo October, 2012 Shanghai, China display panel of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The beginning of Korea 4 2. 1. Collective bequeath for success of randomness Korea 6 3. southerly Korea and unexampled economy 7 3. 1 Reasons behind(predicate) Economic growth 8 4. The Birth of Chaebols 9 4. 1 Factors of emergence of Chaebols 10 4. 2 Chaebol and 1977 Asian Crisis 14 5. Case Study of Samsung conference 15 6. finishing and Recommendation 19 . refereeerence heed 21 1. Introduction southwestern Koreas s significant transformation an evolution from impoverished to soaring-income economy during triad decades kickoff from 1960s to 1990s is sensation of Asian phenomena famous as -Four Asian Tigers- a term exampled to describe the tremendous perfor mance of four Asian economies Hong Kong, Singapore, chinaware and South Korea. between the early 1960s and 1997s, the four Tigers fastly industrialized and principal(prenominal)tained sustained luxuriously growth order (Ref*1).Today, Korea is an example for a market economy, cardinalness noblely developed country which ranks 15th in the orb by nominal gross domestic ingathering and 12th by purchasing power parity (PPP), identifying it as one of the G-20 major economies(Ref*2). In 2010, Koreas trade volume amounted to US$892 billion, ranking the country the 7th largest exporter in the world(Ref*2). Koreas shipbuilding sector currently accounts for about 34% of the worlds total shipbuilding orders. As a major auto manufacturer, Korea produces over 4. 2 zillion vehicles annually.The success of South Korea is frequently called The Miracle on the Han River and it has been identified by several movers where the presidency of commonalty Chung-Hee (1961-1979) played a vita l role. on a lower floor the President lay Chung-Hees era, the organisation played a dominating role in a countrys economy. His policies of shifting away the emphasis from import substitution st ordaingies towards export- orientated industrialization and technical foul progress, favored the development of South Korean economy and psychiatric hospital of a backbreaking business milieu appeared with a result of large conglomerates called Chaebols.To be defined as a Chaebol, an organization should satisfy cardinal conditions it should be owned by family /relatives members and it should cede a diversified business ope proportionalityns ( REF*3). The Chaebols have created much(prenominal) a diversification that, as Anna Fifield said in her article, You can be born in a Samsung hospital and end up in a Samsung mortuary (Ref*4). The giants of yesterday are one of todays best brands in technology field as Samsung, Hyundai and LG. They and the other Chaebols was the core of Korean spectacular growth and dummy up their success can be accredited as South Koreas success.How and why Koreans economy was shaped by historical pointts and what are the reasons behind Chaebol establishment? What was the impact they have created over South Korean economy and could we say Chaebolsare the reason for the Miracle on the Han River. ? Case study of Samsung will be performed in order to give us bust arrangement of one of the largest and famous Chaebol ever and its influence over South Korean economy. 2. The Beginning of Korea The land of the sunrise calmthis is the meaning of Koreas original light upon Choson.The epoch of establishment of this country and its exact geographical location is still a matter of scientific research even it often believed that human occupation in Korea can be traced far into the Pal eolithic period, about 500,000 years ago (Ref*5). In Asia, Koreans history is known to be second longest following that unless(prenominal) of China. (Ref*6) yet there is a belief, match to the Korean legend, that the God-King Tangun a legendary figure born of the son of Heaven, (which human race is still disputable among scholars) and a woman from a bear-totem tribe founded the Korean nation in BC 2333(Ref* 7). non more(prenominal) present- day nations can be praised with so long and rich history even this countrys time has been shaped by difficult and frequent invasions ( as many as 900 by some accounts)( Ref*6), wars and influence from its neighbors. The beginning was often said to be the time of The triad Kingdoms Silla Goguryeo and Baekche where Goguryeo was known to occupy the Yankee vocalism of the peninsula from the Chinese border to the Han River, eon Silla and Baekche have dominated the Southern regions (Ref. 11).But in 668 AD Silla (668-935) co-ordinated the Korean peninsula and start developing a country with an economy, a civilization and Buddhist philosophy. Koryo dynasty from which the English name Korea orig inates succeeded Silla in 935 and the countrys boundaries reached train which is very(prenominal) similar to its current size today. The Choson dynasty displaced Koryo dynasty in 1392 and move the capital to Hanyang-gun (todays Seoul) in 1394. Soon afterwardward Confucianism replaced Buddhist philosophy and was adopted as the countrys official godliness and Hangul -the Korean alphabet was invented.Koreas history was filled with prosperity, besides withal a lot of hapless coming from external forces like lacquer, Mongolia and China and this provoked Korean closed-door policy, famous as cave dweller kingdom. In the beginning in 1876, the Nipponese obligate a series of Western-style trade agreements on Korea, leading to Japans annexation of the country in 1910. Due to growing anti-Japanese sentiment, in 1897 King Kojong declared himself to be emperor of the Taehan Empire, an independent Korea (Ref*9). Eventually this move helped Korea to preserve its own language, cultur e, traditions and sense of identity (Ref*6).However, during the Russo-Japanese fight (1904-1905), Japanese forces moved onto the peninsula despite Korean declarations of neutrality and Japan-Korea Protection Treaty in 1905 gave Japan virtual support over Korea. Korea was colonized by Japan in 1910 year, just exactly at that time many modern aspects of Korean hostelry emerged included rapid urban growth and infrastructure, the expansion of commerce, and forms of mass culture such as radio and cinema, which became wide rotate for the original time. Later had to endure the Korean War (1950-53), solely it has achieved amazing stinting growth in a short period, dubbed the Miracle on the Han River. (Ref* 2) 2. 1 Collective will for success of South Korea During Japanese influence starting 1920 and later (1937-45) harsh measured reintroduced by Japanese, Korea had to go through a lot of confusion coming from changes in values and social order after Japanese colonial rules was introd uced (Ref* 6&10). During its occupation, Japan built up Koreas infrastructure, especially the street and railroad dodges. However, the Japanese ruled with an iron fist and attempted to root out all elements of Korean culture from order of magnitude.People were forced to adopt Japanese names, convert to the Shinto (native Japanese) religion, and were forbidden to use Korean language in schools and business. also the temp of development was rapid and the countrys population was inexperienced and unprepared in sparing aspects and knowledge because was coming for monarchy of over 1000years compared to Europe and Japan. Ideological confrontation was visible in Korean nightclub and shortly after status of families with long traditions history and wealth were no more subjects of respect and power, society followed the money ideology which was a way of survival.Soon after the democracy was introduced by USA in deluxe 15, 1945, with the end of World War II, The Soviets and Americans f ailed to reach an agreement on one unified country and governance, so in 1948 two separate governments were established the Republic of Korea in Seoul called -The American zone, and the popular Peoples Republic of Korea in Pyongyang, North Korea called -The Soviet zone (Ref* 10).This is how the challenge for South Korea and The American zone has started with era of knowledge, where an enthronement of fond and solid instruction and hard behave were again respectable, hence offered an equal chance to success to everybody despite their origin and status. The whole society desired a better life and this is how they have adopted the impression that stinting development is a cultural harvesting representing the corporate will of the people (Ref*6). 3. South Koreas modern economyIn July 1953, after three years of bloody battle in which around three million Koreans, one million Chinese, 54 000 Americans and several other nations including Turkish were killed, the Korean War ended in a truce with Korea still divided into two vernacularly antagonistic states American influenced zone in South and Soviet influenced in North, which were separated by a line called De-Militarized Zone (DMZ). Korea has remained divided ever since(Ref*10). After the official division of Korean peninsula, a modern economy study was introduced by USA in South Korea which was differentiated from Marxism idea popular in Japan.However, after 1965 when Japan and South Korea emendd their diplomatic relationships, Marxism prevailed into their economy simply because was more community oriented, instead individualistic something which was and it is a basic concept of Confucianism which was influenced South Korea in their earlier stages of history. The ideas of individualistic consumer with no intervention of government for business were too far away of Japans model of triple-crown rapid grow which later in years South Korea adopted and adapted into their economical situation Table 1 Comparison between USA and East Asian capitalism 3. 1 Reasons behind Economic growthMutual desire for better standard of living and a chance for success were deeply rooted into societys mind, after the country was left in poverty in the end of Korean War in 1953. The significant growth of South Koreas economy which became independent in 1945 began in May of 1960 when commons Chung Hee and a group of other military officers of the South Korean army took over the control of the government or coup detat(Ref* 11). Soon after that in 1961 Mr. Park Chung Lee became president of South Korea and the strategical planning for economic development started focusing on lifting up the South Korean economy out of poverty.The scheme Park Chung Lee developed was based on that of South Koreas nearest rivals Japan rather than Western policy advisers. (Ref*12) Export oriented policies were implementing as a tool try to focus the shift into international business. South Korea simply had to survive and find a way to expand economically, merely looking outside of its peninsula because with its slim and limited land and natural resources cause from its mountainous terrain and climate, as well the small size of the domestic market shaped the Paradigm shift in their economy. (Ref*13) The emphasis was added on communal productivity, education and quality as Japan did with examples of so called Keiretsu. another(prenominal) measure was the military-dominated government which installed itself after the coup in 1961 quickly announced an end to the corruption of the First Republic and its intention to use economic growth and development through industrialization to legitimize its authority (Ref* 14) and implementing state policies providing the basis for successful late industrialization( Ref*15).Twenty four of the leading businessmen were arrested. The founder of Samsung, Lee Byung Chull, escaped this treatment only because he was out of the country at the time. When Lee Byung Chul l returned to Korea he met with Park and agreed to cooperate with Parks economic development program. Later Lee and other prominent business leaders offered to donate all or a substantial portion of their fortunes to the government. They ended up paying fines but not giving up their businesses (Ref* 15). 4. The Birth of ChaebolsIn the process of export-led market economy the government ruled by President Park Chung Lee for 18 years reign (1961-1979) decided to work with five- years plans, starting the first one in 1962 which was focused on developing the industrial base and setting the stage for South Koreas economic prosperity. (Ref* 16) After this step, the government encouraged their local, domestic business enterprises to work and expand by choosing which markets must be developed and allow entry only to several of those local companies.To be accepted as Chaebol a company need to be family-owned and usually this type of organization is influenced by growth-oriented family-center ed business, where family virile has the dominant role in a hierarchy and almost unfathomable power to which his subordinates are liege (Ref*17). This idea of Pyramid frame of working had an origin of Confucianism which teached several concepts as social hierarchy, harmony and the concept of preservation face, kindness and care modesty and diligence.For instance, in Japanese companies had more visible mutual obligation which is unlikely to be seen in Chaebol structure, where the boss is superior compared to employees. As an incentive for local companies, pecuniary motivations were offered such as low- interest loan, tax breaks and others simply because all the banks were nationalized as well for the purpose of economic development. This is how so called Chaebols -which literally mean business association, were born into South Korean history. 4. 1 Factors of Development of ChaebolsWith its fast speed of industrialization, the economy nourished and supported heavily Chaebols whic h were often family-centered enterprises. Their brands, products and companies diversified quickly and soon they were responsible for the majority of the exported products which simply meant that private owned companies were responsible for biggest share of South Korea economic development. Not only have they expanded in international level, but also started to grow bigger in local land. Brands like Samsung, Hyundai and LG were a measure for quality, technology and innovation.We could say that even today the like conglomerates are still driver force in Korea. Another significant economic decision made by governments planners was to focus market development through export-oriented industrialization (Ref* 18). Because of its enough to produce, but less to consume population and still not existing local markets, all efforts were putting into creating international markets where South Korea could have an advantage and generate a profit. The results started to be visible in fast digit r ate at average 10% annual growth between 1962 and 1994.The large and fast expanding multinational conglomerates enjoyed strong support from government and genuine success of outside(prenominal) markets. While the contribution of agriculture to the economy declined from 37% in 1965 to 3% in 2008, the industrial sector increased its contribution from 20% to 37%, that of work from 43% to 60% and exports remain the cornerstone of this economic development with their share in GDP accelerating from 8% in 1965 to a whopping 53% in 2008(Ref* 13). Table 2 Share of Top 30 Chaebols in South Koreas GDPSource Chaebol Powered Industrial Transformation by Ahn Choong-yong, Korea Institute of Public political science and Korea Times. April 2010 All the conglomerates were liberally permitted to access foreign loans promoted by the government to support fast-paced economic development, while in contrast outflows of domestic capital were effectively curbed ( Ref* 19). The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was also restricted in order to keep positive economic growth, except in cases where technology and know-how were involved.In permutation of this, all the Chaebols were obliged to fulfill ambitious plans and to develop for the next three decades. This pecuniary help rattling protected the companies from bankruptcy and soon they turned on into oc bring inus, regulating and expanding into more and more branches, industries and brands, even not related to their core scope of business increasing their power and wealth into public level and became too difficult their decisions to be influenced. For example, a ship building company could decide to enter into a market of cosmetics products or pharmaceutical industry.Of course, simultaneously they opened more factories, created jobs and promoted economic boom. Basically they became a verbalise in South Korea. In this manner they grew so large that the top fifty Chaebols had sales identical to almost 94% of the total national GDP by 1984( Ref*20). In fact as a second measure introduced from President Park Chung Lee was diversifying of Chaebol into heavy and chemical industries, simply to be protected from North Korea . ( Ref*21)As we can see on Table 2, their share in GDP increased dramatically from 9,8 % in 1973 to 29,6% 1989Table 3 The Growth Rate and Total Factor Productivity by country According to International Institute for Management, South Korea is ranked 5th in terms of education level, with 40 percent of the population completing mellower education after high school. This movement into very strong foundation of education was resulted of democracy brought by USA , President Park Chung Lees reforms, but also Confucianisms which, was earlier in history, influenced the social mind of South Korea. Understanding that high level of education and qualified human resources are powerful driver of economy and quality was one of the best tools for sustainable growth. Education system which was a resource hig hly appreciated by tralatitious values in the society and was a chance for everybody in quest of success. Moreover, South Korean workers work more hours of the day than most countries reflecting 10 to 13 percent increases in productivity per year( Ref*22). The willingness of hard-working and co-operating were very important for the efficacy and quality of the economic boom.Krugman (1994) claims that the Four tigers achieved the rapid growth rate because they successfully managed the resources associated with high employment share to population, efficacy of work, up-graded educational standards and the high rate of investment(Ref*19). Looking into Table 3, it is clear that South Korea achieved the highest grow rate of 8,5% per cent annually from 1960 to1994. Table 4 Domestic Saving per GDP (per cent) Another tool which helped Chaebols to flourish was high-saving ratio, which was initially originated from uncertain life conditions and missing social system.In Korea the social welfare system was not well established (Ref*23). In this kind of situation, similar to Chinas beginning, individuals are trying to save as much as they can in order to ensure their future. Furthermore, high nest egg and investments also contribute to capital accumulation. For example, Kim and Lau (1996) extend their input-analysis which covers Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines reveal that capital accumulation associated with high domestic saving and investment level significantly contributed to strong growth in East Asia.Also, Collins and Bosworth (1996) emphasize that saving, investment and government policy are the main contributor to high capital accumulation ( Ref. 19) 4. 2. Chaebols and 1997 Asian Crisis The pecuniary crisis that hit Asian countries in early July 1997 was an unexpected situation for Four Tigers including South Korea which were witnessed a rapid and sustainable growth in several decades in row, offering high standard of living into their citizens, hi gh annual growth and successful export economy. They were accepted and perceived as models of economic boom.A lot of foreign investment were flowing and then government help like bank loan , preferential policies and incentives which were used to stimulate the economy through so called multinational companies Chaebols . All this led to excessive diversification, a debt, a difficulty to be measured the credibility of a company and its real proportion due to unlimited bank loan with 0 interest they were given lack of business transparency, superior managerial appearance and more. All these reasons led to so called Asian Contagion, this was a series of currency devaluations and other eventsthat spread throughmany Asian markets.As a result of the crisis, South Korea adopted different protectionist measures, government and financial reforms to ensure the stability of their own currency and reforms inside of Chaebols structures. ( Ref*24). 5. Case of Samsung Group Samsung Electronics int egral part of is a multinational, family-owned company with headquarters located in Samsung Town in Seoul called Samsung Group. Samsung Group has grown to become one of the worlds leading and respectuful electronics companies, specializing in digital appliances and media, scycrapers, petrochemicals, fashion, medicine, hotels, semiconductors, memory, and system integration. Ref *25). As diarist Anna Fifield said in her article, You can be born in a Samsung hospital and end up in a Samsung mortuary (Ref*4). They operate in more than 65 different countries as sales and plants also they are responsible for appointing for more than 170,000 employees worldwide. In 2009 the company was classified as largest IT Company in world with biggest sales revenue of memory chips, LCD and LED displays. For TV and smart phones devices markets, Samsung is in top position, especially after launching Galaxy 2 Note competing with Apple and theirs I aggrandize mini and I phone.Its growing share in smart phones and tablets market is very high with around 20% for the first quarter in 2011 compared to 16, 1% in same time precedent year. pic Brief history and Economic Overview The Samsung Group was established in 1938 in Taegu, Korea by Byung Chull Lee and its main scope of business was export of fish, vegetables and fruits to Mainland China. In 1951, Samsung Corporation was officially established with name Samsung Moolsan which means Three Stars (Ref*25).The company started to grow and later in 1958 when Ankuk Fire& Marine Insurance as well DongBang behavior Insurance in 1963 was acquired, the name was changed into Samsung Fire& Marine Insurance and respectfully Samsung Life Insurance. In 1969 Samsung Electronics and Samsung Sanyo Electronics were established, but in 1977 they also merged and diversifying started into heavy, chemical, shipbuilding, IT and other industries. The reasons behind such a diversification could be the same between all Chaebols examples, but very true for S amsung.They assumed that if investing into new business or a product will avoid potential risk of a single bankrupt, gaining knowledge for a technology and know-how patents competitions and bigger market share and another factor could be because of persuading better wealth in order to ensure all the family members. ( Ref* 21) Thanks to its clever moves and business/political decisions Samsung developed clear domestic and international market and 1974 they bought 50% of share of Korea Semiconductors, which gave them the first place of semiconductor manufacture stand up ANALYSISSamsung Group is one of the largest Chaebols in South Korea with world-class quality products and brand. The company has dominance into digital and electronic components markets, with more than 40 existing affiliated companies. Fig. 1 SWOT ANALYSES Samsung Group STRENGTHS Strong brand and sure customers Leader in several markets as IT and electronics Excellent supply chain Capital Confidence authentic and Credibility Innovation Technology level and skilled worker HR Product dodging flunk Serious Competition High Marketing appeal Managerial Behavior Centralization CorruptionOPPORTUNITIES Good economic conditions highly disposable income local market Government support International relations and business end run Technology development THREATS Patents legislations Regulatory issues Technological changes Economic Crisis China Table 5 Samsung Electronics Marketing Expenses Marketing Mix for Samsung Group 4P Product Strategy Samsungs diversified line of products in 3D market for example which is offering LTD, LED and Plasma TV is one of best positioned into product strategy.Their electronic market is also very good example for product strategy which is one of their strengths in SWOT analyses concentrate on unique products and innovation to compete like 3D Plasma TV with unique design and functionality allowed Samsung to became a leader into this direction. Another very well present ed idea of their product strategy is smart phone Galaxy Note 2 which competes directly with Apples I pad mini. Among some of the benefits of Galaxy Note 2 is its display, price, Android operating system, Bluetooth, slightly lighter, removable memory, flash, front tv camera/rear camera and few more. Ref* 26). At the moment this is the best tablet produced by Samsung and as product strategy unique was chosen and improvement inside of the functionality. Price strategy Samsung strategy according their pricing is organism available for more consumers than I pad mini/ I phone, which is persuaded as a luxury and fashionable product, thus its price differentiates sometimes even double less expensive. Another factor regarding price is that Samsung produce a big amount of its and also Apples components which results into higher(prenominal) cost and price for Apples products on market.Thanks to diversification mentioned earlier we can see that Samsung actually have the advantage to produce b y themselves most of the electronic components of their smart phones/ tablets, but also to their competitors, so they became superior in the Pyramid. Promotion strategy This is one of most weak part of SWOT Analyses of Samsung, because it cost billions of USD in advertisements and promotions which are conducted in three continents Europe, Asia and USA. 8 billion USD were spending in Europe compared to 3 billion in Asia and 12 billion in North America.Using famous American singer/groups such as Black Eyes Peas into their promotion strategy is adding high cost for the Chaebol. Product Placement The strategic idea here is that Samsung tablets Galaxy 2 Note are not positioned on the luxury market, but at the same time will not be sold in low-level stores as Wal-Mart. Targeting young people across three continents, Samsung focused on uniqueness, creativity, design and promotion. Apples product focuses on luxury and fashionable segment of the market where consumers are ready to pay more premiums. Conclusion and Recommendations Transforming South Koreas economy was an experiment and example of Tiger measures conducted by the government of President Park Chung Hee in quest of best way to expand the economy in sustainable way and improve the quality of people equally. Focusing on export-oriented economy with solid foundation of education, willingness of hard-work, high saving ratio and allowance of private family- own enterprises in national sectors and important industries helped The Miracle on the Han River to become history of success. Chaebols were and still are enormous part of South Korean Economy, which for three decades created a country -an example for a market economy, which ranks 15th in the world by nominal GDP and 12th by purchasing power parity (PPP), identifying it as one of the G-20 major economies (Ref*2). In 2010, Koreas trade volume amounted to US$892 billion, ranking the country the 7th largest exporter in the world(Ref*2). Koreas shipbuilding sect or currently accounts for about 34% of the worlds total shipbuilding orders. As a major auto manufacturer, Korea produces over 4. million vehicles annually. The majority of export related goods are produced by top Chaebols companies which appeared in late 60s after government of Park Chung Hee offered them unlimited incentives and industries in exchange of economic growth with 10% on average. The impact of those conglomerates was mensural and visible, even though 1997 Asian crisis shaped up them and reformed these octopus inner structures by implementing more transparent policies and less corruption. Nowadays Chaebols are still the driver of South Koreans income and economy.As recommendation for the largest Chaebol at the moments, Samsung Group- focusing on innovation and technology improvement will be useful, because China is starting to emerge and also other competitors are weak point for Samsung. Combing their efforts could be a good strategy in order to protect South Koreans r eputation and export share. Focusing on domestic market and not being so dependent on export. Or being sure that export is enough diversified to keep the profit. Reducing Marketing cost via cheaper, but productive techniques to attract and keep customers. Because for quality there is always a market Reference List . Fogel, R. W. (2005). 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