USS Lexington World War Aircraft Carrier CV-2

Authorized in 1916, the US Navy intended USS Lexington to be the lead ship of a new class of battlecruisers. Following the United States entry into World War I, the development of the ship halted as the US Navys need for more destroyers and convoy escort vessels precluded that for a new capital ship. With the conflicts conclusion, Lexington was finally laid down at the Fore River Ship and Engine Building Company in Quincy, MA on January 8, 1921. As workers constructed the ships hull, leaders from around the world met at the Washington Naval Conference. This disarmament meeting called for tonnage limitations to be placed on the navies of the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. As the meeting progressed, work on Lexington was suspended in February 1922 with the ship 24.2% complete. With the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, the US Navy elected to re-classify Lexington and completed the ship as an aircraft carrier. This aided the service in meeting the new tonnage restrictions set in place by the treaty. As the bulk of the hull was complete, the US Navy elected to retain the battlecruiser armor and torpedo protection as it would have been too expensive to remove. Workers then installed an 866-foot flight deck on the hull along with an island and large funnel. Since the concept of the aircraft carrier was still new, the Bureau of Construction and Repair insisted that the ship mount an armament of eight 8 guns to support its 78 aircraft. These were mounted in four twin turrets fore and aft of the island. Though a single aircraft catapult was installed in the bow, it was seldom used during the ships career. Launched on October 3, 1925, Lexington was completed two years later and entered commission on December 14, 1927, with Captain Albert Marshall in command. This was a month after its sister ship, USS Saratoga (CV-3) joined the fleet. Together, the ships were first large carriers to serve in the US Navy and the second and third carriers after USS Langley. After conducting fitting out and shakedown cruises in the Atlantic, Lexington transferred to the US Pacific Fleet in April 1928. The following year, the carrier took part in Fleet Problem IX as part of the Scouting Force and failed to defend the Panama Canal from Saratoga. Interwar Years Late in 1929, Lexington fulfilled an unusual role for a month when its generators provided power to the city of Tacoma, WA after a drought disabled the citys hydro-electric plant. Returning to more normal operations, Lexington spent the next two years taking part in various fleet problems and maneuvers. During this time, it was commanded by Captain Ernest J. King, the future Chief of Naval Operations during World War II. In February 1932, Lexington and Saratoga operated in tandem and mounted a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor during Grand Joint Exercise No. 4. In a harbinger of things to come, the attack was ruled a success. This feat was repeated by the ships during exercises the following January. Continuing to take part in various training problems over the next several years, Lexington played a key role in developing carrier tactics and developing new methods of underway replenishment. In July 1937, the carrier aided in the search for Amelia Earhart after her disappearance in the South Pacific. World War II Approaches In 1938, Lexington and Saratoga mounted another successful raid on Pearl Harbor during that years Fleet Problem. With tensions rising with Japan two years later, Lexington and the US Pacific Fleet were ordered to remain in Hawaiian waters after exercises in 1940. Pearl Harbor was made the fleets permanent base the following February. Late in 1941, Admiral Husband Kimmel, the Commander-in-Chief of the US Pacific Fleet, directed Lexington to ferry US Marine Corps aircraft to reinforce the base on Midway Island. Departing on December 5, the carriers Task Force 12 was 500 miles southeast of its destination two days later when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Abandoning its original mission, Lexington began an immediate search for the enemy fleet while moving to rendezvous with warships steaming out from Hawaii. Remaining at sea for several days, Lexington was unable to locate the Japanese and returned to Pearl Harbor on December 13. Raiding in the Pacific Quickly ordered back to sea as part of Task Force 11, Lexington moved to attack Jaluit in the Marshall Islands in an effort to divert Japanese attention from the relief of Wake Island. This mission was soon canceled and the carrier returned to Hawaii. After conducting patrols in the vicinity of Johnston Atoll and Christmas Island in January, the new leader the US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, directed Lexington to join with the ANZAC Squadron in the Coral Sea to protect the sea lanes between Australia and the United States. In this role, Vice Admiral Wilson Brown sought to mount a surprise attack on the Japanese base at Rabaul. This was aborted after his ships were discovered by enemy aircraft. Attacked by a force of Mitsubishi G4M Betty bombers on February 20, Lexington survived the raid unscathed. Still desiring to strike at Rabaul, Wilson requested reinforcements from Nimitz. In response, Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletchers Task Force 17, containing the carrier USS Yorkt own, arrived in early March. As the combined forces moved towards Rabaul, Brown learned on March 8 that the Japanese fleet was off Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea after supporting the landing of troops in that region. Altering the plan, he instead launched a large raid from the Gulf of Papua against the enemy ships. Flying over the Owen Stanley Mountains, F4F Wildcats, SBD Dauntlesses, and TBD Devastators from Lexington and Yorktown attacked on March 10. In the raid, they sank three enemy transports and damaged several other vessels. In the wake of the attack, Lexington received orders to return to Pearl Harbor. Arriving on March 26, the carrier began an overhaul which saw the removal of its 8 guns and addition of new anti-aircraft batteries. With the completion of the work, Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch assumed command of TF 11 and began training exercises near Palmyra Atoll and Christmas Island. Loss at Coral Sea On April 18, the training maneuvers were ended and Fitch received orders to rendezvous with Fletchers TF 17 north of New Caledonia. Alerted to the Japanese naval advance against Port Moresby, New Guinea, the combined Allied forces moved into the Coral Sea in early May. On May 7, after searching for each other for a few days, the two sides began to locate opposing vessels. While Japanese aircraft attacked the destroyer USS Sims and oiler USS Neosho, aircraft from Lexington and Yorktown sank the light carrier Shoho. After the strike on the Japanese carrier, Lexingtons Lieutenant Commander Robert E. Dixon famously radioed, Scratch one flat top! Fighting resumed the next day as American aircraft attacked the Japanese carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku. While the former was badly damaged, the latter was able to take cover in a squall. While the American aircraft were attacking, their Japanese counterparts commenced strikes on Lexington and Yorktown. Around 11:20 AM, Lexington sustained two torpedo hits which caused several boilers to be shut down and reduced the ships speed. Listing slightly to port, the carrier then was struck by two bombs. While one hit the port forward 5 ready ammunition locker and started several fires, the other detonated on the ships funnel and caused little structural damage. Working to save the ship, damage control parties began shifting fuel to correct the list and Lexington began recovering aircraft that were low on fuel. In addition, a new combat air patrol was launched. As the situation aboard began to stabilize, a massive explosion occurred at 12:47 PM when gasoline vapors from the ruptured port aviation fuel tanks ignited. Though the explosion destroyed the ships main damage control station, air operations continued and all of the surviving aircraft from the mornings strike were recovered by 2:14 PM. At 2:42 PM another major explosion tore through the forward part of the ship igniting fires on the hanger deck and leading to a power failure. Though assisted by three destroyers, Lexingtons damage control teams were overwhelmed when a third explosion occurred at 3:25 PM which cut off water pressure to the hanger deck. With the carrier dead in the water, Captain Frederick Sherman ordered the wounded to be evacuated and at 5:07 PM directed the crew to abandon ship. Remaining aboard until the last of the crew had been rescued, Sherman departed at 6:30 PM. All told, 2,770 men were taken from the burning Lexington. With the carrier burning and wracked by further explosions, the destroyer USS Phelps was ordered to sink Lexington. Firing two torpedoes, the destroyer succeeded as the carrier rolled to port and sank. Following Lexingtons loss, workers at the Fore River Yard asked Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox to rename the Essex-class carrier then under construction at Quincy in honor of the lost carrier. He agreed, the new carrier became USS Lexington (CV-16). USS Lexington (CV-2) Fast Facts Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Fore River Ship and Engine Building Company, Quincy, MALaid Down: January 8, 1921Launched: October 3, 1925Commissioned: December 14, 1927Fate: Lost to enemy action, May 8, 1942 Specifications Displacement: 37,000 tonsLength: 888 ft.Beam: 107 ft., 6 in.Draft: 32 ft.Propulsion: 4 sets of turbo-electric drive, 16 water-tube boilers, 4 Ãâ€" screwsSpeed: 33.25 knotsRange: 12,000 nautical miles at 14 knotsComplement: 2,791 men Armament (as built) 4 Ãâ€" twin 8-in. guns, 12 Ãâ€" single 5-in. guns Aircraft (as built) 78 aircraft Sources DANFS: USS Lexington (CV-2)Military Factory: USS Lexington (CV-2)US Carriers: USS Lexington (CV-2)

The Human Frame With Drugs - 1326 Words

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Basic Marketing Principles of Malaysian Airlines - Free Solution

Question: Describe about Concept and process of marketing, Concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning, and Marketing mix in different contexts of Malaysian Airline? Answer: Abstract This report will contain in depth analytical and descriptive information on Malaysian Airline in perspective of marketing processes and practices in existing and potential scenario that involves segmentation, targeting and position strategies. This report will focus on current scenario of Malaysian Airline and identified tragedies happened with MH17 and MH370. Considering these bad incidents that impacted on overall brand reputation of Malaysian Airline along with impact on market share this report will discuss on how the airline will redefine, design and develop its new product and service to create more competitive advantage in existing and potential market. The report will present information on best possible option in terms of new product and service development and their marketing strategies to target customers and regain market share. The entire report will divide in four sections and multiple sub sections that will present marketing strategies and problem addressing approach / practice of the Malaysian airline. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Introduction Malaysian Airline is one of prestigious airline brand in airline industry that provides their services in 80 destinations worldwide with larges workforce. Each day around 37,000 passengers travel through Malaysian airline. The Malaysian airline has gained its market and brand reputation because of its excellence service, hospitality practice, warmth and friendliness culture. In the below sections and subsections covered difference marketing process and strategic approaches in perspective of identify and introduce solution in against of existing and potential problem which reflect less control on air traffic management practices and safety concerns. The report will focus on marketing communication practices and elements of marketing process in terms of enhance the overall presence of Malaysian Airlines. 1. Concept and process of marketing 1.1 Concept and element of marketing process American marketing association has defined concept of marketing as set of activities, processes, creation, communication, offers and share values for customers, clients, stakeholders and society. Similarly, Kotler defined marketing as set of social and managerial processes which provide values in the form of products and services that cater individuals and groups wants and need. On the basis of above concept of marketing that presented by AMA and Kotler indicate and focus of customers and markets need and want through different set of social and managerial processes to cater products and services. With respect to above concepts the Malaysian Airlines which is one of largest airline and provide range of service in overall 80 destinations in worldwide. Every day near about 37,000 passengers are travelling through Malaysian airline. To develop its brand value and market competitive presence the Airline focus on warmth and friendliness culture, impressive hospitality, quality service. The best cabin crew, unique Malaysian hospitality, culture helps to communicate its value based services for its target market. Difference set of processes Malaysian Airline has introduced to defined its values based services and communicate same to its customers. (Ama.org, 2014) Below points define strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Malaysian Airline in perspective of marketing strategy: Strengths Malaysian prestigious and quality hospitality. Worldwide presence and covered 80 destinations in worldwide presence along with provide platform to travel 37,000 passengers each day. Effective and efficient marketing communication practices and processes Support from Malaysian government Customers centric approach Weakness Unwanted past events that involves planes crashed that impacted overall brand image of Airline and reflect lack of operation control system. Depending on international moving traffic Limited market share Opportunity More expansion scope to have or increase market presence that impact on market share Focus and introduce more domestic and international route to cover more destination Enhance airport facility services Threats High amount of expenses of fuel and continuous increase of fuel price Rapidly change in government rules and regulations The above identified key strategic practices and processes explained marketing activities of Malaysian Airline. The modern concept of marketing focuses on customers oriented strategies and practices. The major activity of marketing is to identify customers, communicate them about products and service by identifying their want and need. Similarly, Malaysian Airline has identified customers' preference during travelling that includes hospitality services, security and safety and more destinations. The organization is continuously focusing on all these parameters and trying to arrange excellence service for their target market. (Sagar, 2014) 1.2. Cost and benefits of market activities Many marketers supported and justified how marketing activities is essential important for any brand building and maintaining that brand in existing and potential markets. Simultaneously, these marketing activities define and design in such manner that will provide larger customer satisfaction and communicate value based products and services that company is catering. In case of Malaysian Airline, there was happened some bad event / tragedies with flight MH370 MH17 back to back in last six months. However this airline created good brand image in terms of their services practice and overall culture strategies. Generally in such cases plane crashed, airline prefer rebranding option but here due to back to back two cases and high amount of loss in terms of plane cost, confidence of their existing and potential customers, overall volume of sales and all impacted badly the Malaysians business. Here, the company needs to market and communicate their customer about key highlight of future approach and practice of Malaysian airline to prevent such incidents to regain market share and customers confidence. The Rebranding strategy is little challenge as this carry high cost. But through high amount of marketing strategies the Malaysian airline can achieve their targets: Creation of new advertisement message that include preventing steps and assure more safety. Continue with Warmth and friendliness culture. Focus on hospitality management and also focus on services that cater in airport area. 2. Concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 2.1. Macro and micro environmental factors that influence marketing decisions Malaysian airlines systems have faced huge challenges due to many factors such as full-service carrier airline companies in other countries. Micro environment factors: Competitors are the major issue in high edge of competitiveness. Porters five forces To evaluate the micro-environment of Malaysian Airlines systems, the Porters method would be used: Threat of new entry: Malaysian airlines systems have not been impacted by new threats for the international phase because the company has been able to sustain for long term. There could have chances of new entrants in the market because these mergers might provide competitive offers to their customers. Customer bargaining power: The selection of customers for choosing the airlines are preferable with variety of offerings and customers have high power of bargaining to fly at the price they are willing to pay. Suppliers power: Malaysian Airlines had bought a few aircrafts from airbus and Boeing and Airbus has high power towards their customers because they monopolize for a very long time and offers high quality safety measures. Substitutes: Travelling through air is environmental friendly and saves high time. Competitive rivalry: Malaysian Airlines offers attractive promotions and discounts to their customers to survive in the competitive world. Customers The airline industry is full of operators from many locations and no company has a monopoly on flights. Thus, Malaysian Airlines should focus on the customers behavior and demand. Macro environment Pest factors would relate to macro environmental analysis. Political factors: Malaysia has attractive travel places and government promotes and manages the tourism assets to implement policies and legislations. Economic factors: Malaysia has been categorized as a developing country and the purchasing power of the people has been stressed by many other competitors. Social factors: Government has implemented major ways to boost the industry in maintaining the attractiveness for excellent hospitality. Technological factors: Malaysian Airlines offers online services for their customers to book the tickets online and to offer packages such as bookings of hotels etc. Malaysian Airlines has also been offering excellent and digitalized screen that consists of movies, music etc. Demographic environment Population has a huge impact on the sales of Malaysian Airlines and the increase in the number of population also impacts the sales. At the same time, the demand of the product also increases. (Thakor Mistri, 2012) 2.2. Segmentation Market targeting is a marketing concept that helps marketer to meet the market goals into success. Market segment is divided into different areas known as geographic, psychographic and demographic segments. Demographic segmentation: According to demographic research, the average age of passengers of Malaysian Airlines is 14.6 years and it ranges from 25 years and above. Most of the passengers possess high income to use the services and business people travels all the time. Geographic segmentation: Quantas Airways follow the Kangaroo route that offers flights from Europe to Australia as well as New Zealand gateways with respect to Kuala Lumpur international airport within 4-5 hours. (Nag, et.al, 2007) 2.3. Targeting strategy With the entry of low cost carriers, the competition for the full service airlines likes Malaysian Airlines increased so that the company can segment its market and target only high class premium business level customers for whom luxury is most important and the customers who are not concerned about their budgets. The company should focus on differentiated marketing so that the company could be able to retain the targeted customers. Very low cost product differentiation will help Malaysian Airlines to succeed at a very low cost and this will provide them best experience and the customer will also agree to pay the price for the superior services. 2.4. Buyer behavior affects marketing activities Consumer tastes and preferences influence customers to purchase the products and consumer behavior theories are developed within cultural contexts by studying the behavior of people within each country. Social factors could be elements that comprise the term motivation and also influence by the motivating agent. Customer satisfaction and loyalty are major factors that impact customer behavior. Psychological factors include the level of trust and the influence of social and cultural factors are major constraint. Buying behavior is made up of internal and external factors that explain the consumers buy certain products. Two supply and demand circumstances can impact the type of marketing for Malaysian Airlines products when the product is in high supply and demand is scarce or when the product is scarce but there is a high increase of demand. (Vogt, 2015) Example: By having the customers sign up to a face book page, one can interact on a personal matter. The advertisements help the company to run in a competitive edge. 2.5. New positioning for Malaysian Airlines Malaysian Airlines could position itself with the targeted strategy and positioning strategy. The company can build its brand image in the minds of consumer and with respect to high quality products. To gain the competitive edge, the company can develop the cost leadership strategies involved in the transformation plan. This way, the company can gain the competitive advantage to improve the experience and to make the decisions with respect to price. The competitive strategy could be developed with an intense competition and Malaysian Airlines is strongly pushed by low cost carriers with low fares. This way, it would be able to improve the product quality and services at low cost. (Wong Musa, 2011) Positioning strategy: By being the first to maintain the unique place in the minds of the consumer For example: Miller Lite was not the first light beer but it was known to be placed as a light beer. Similarly, Lowenbrau was the popular German beer in U.S. but Becks beer was placed as a unique place with the help of advertisement. 3. Individual elements of marketing mix 3.1 New product and service The new product and service development completely depend on move or step towards existing problem solving characteristics. The existing and major problem associate with last tragedies happened with Malaysian airplane MH370 and MH17. So, the possible move in terms of product development should be related with more safety and security system for passengers and planes. With respect to all scenarios the best possible new product would be effective and efficient aircraft tracking capabilities and system, new enhancement in overall communication system between airlines and air navigation services operators, Range of technology enhancement to make more effective aircraft tracking process and global air navigation infrastructure. Through these product and services enhancement and development the Malaysian airline will be achieve their vanished brand reputation. Safety and security is prime concern for travelers. So, system and process to create more effective and efficient safety and securi ty of plane and travelers create competitive advantage in coming future. (Withley, 2015) 3.2. Distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience Customer satisfaction helps to get the highest level of success. With high level of service, total customer satisfaction and loyalty increases by the company. Thus, the unique development of solution meets the customer needs and relates the recommended customer satisfaction activities to business goals and objectives. The major strength is to serve excellent ambassadors on behalf of the customers. The common approach of customer satisfaction measures the products or service by the company to meet the needs and expectations of customers. Customers might get dissatisfied with the products or services offered by Malaysian airlines for variety of reasons. (Bolton Tarasi, 2015) 3.3. Prices are set to reflect an organization objectives and market conditions The major reason of price setting is to explore the pricing methods that service companies adopt in terms of setting the prices along with the service. This will influence the organizational as well as environmental characteristics. To achieve the objectives, the data and information could be gathered via personal interviews and observations in 170 companies operating in multiple sectors. 3.4. Promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives To establish the objectives and budgeting for the promotional plan, there is a huge importance of objectives with respect to planning and decision making. Objectives are specific, attainable, measurable, realistic and quantifiable. It is stated in the marketing plan and is understood with the marketing plan. Experimental objectives such as sales and market share increases success of the business. Therefore, the time given for reaching the objectives should be practical and achievable. (Sway, 2015) 3.5. Elements of extended marketing mix The marketing mix is the mixture of marketing activities that the relation is associated with the association to meet the needs of the targeted market. Thus the marketing mix could consist with 4Ps such as: Products are produced with high quality that could fit the needs of the consumers and Malaysian Airlines offers huge range of services at low cost depends on the market segment. The support of marketing of the products is based on the appropriate promotional as well as advertising strategies. Thus, the elements of marketing mix such as product, price, place and promotion enables to meet the target goals and satisfy the needs of the customers. The three extra Ps such as physical evidence, process and provision of culture also are relevant to meet the service mix such as: The physical evidence was not very important to the consumer but in todays modern world, consumers come into contact with products or services and expect high level of quality. They also expect good volume of presentation. Provision of customer service depends upon service industries and customers are loyal to serve them well. The queries are handled properly with the face to face interaction and this way, the company is able to maintain strong customer relations. Process: This is associated with customer service and it makes an organization effective. Therefore, the marketing mix should be relevant in service industry to meet the needs of the customer. (Wong Musa, 2011) 4. Marketing mix in different contexts 4.1. Plan marketing mix for two segments Market segment refers to the major activity in the process of marketing. It can be identified on the basis of consumer characteristics and Malaysian Airlines could use two different segments of market with respect to wealth and the level of customers is price conscious. Target market does not end with segmentation and it refers to aimed at the segment. Thus, the segmentation strategy will be dependent on income based and price consciousness. It should be designed to meet the needs of an individual where the customers will be able to pay the air fares successfully. Many of the consumer market segmentation can be applied so that the manager can implement its own plan. The two narrow segments help to tailor the needs. Objectives and issues in one consumers packaged products category will be helpful to reach the success. The introduction of new products to replace the existing product could harm the marketing mix. (Icao.int, 2015) 4.2. Differences in marketing products and services Business marketing is the major concern of marketing the product as well as service to the other companies and use the product in combination of used products in the process of business. Consumer marketing is direct marketing based on an individual and consumer. It is essential to use both the types of marketing where issues could be different. Thus, the selected target market and their choices like price, promotion, and distribution are dependent on those target segments. The nature of business purchase is influenced by decision makers and professional buyers. 4.3. International marketing differs from domestic marketing The terms known as domestic and international marketing are interchangeable at the present scenario. When talking about marketing theories, international marketing is the stage in the evolution of global marketing. Domestic marketing: Companies manufacture goods and sell those goods within the country itself. So, there is no phenomenon of international marketing in it. International marketing: International marketing refers to the company that sells products to multiple countries and the approach is called as polycentric that makes different products for different countries. (Gundlach, 2007) Therefore, the major difference between the international as well as domestic marketing is that the global business instead of operating different products to different countries increases and provides a single product to the globe. (Oyewole, Sankaran Choudhury, 2007) Conclusion In conclude, The Malaysian Airline is well known and reputed Asias largest airline brand but due to some tragedies and bad events back to back with MH17 and MH370 the organization is facing challenge to retain its market share and brand image. The report indicate that best possible solution against these problem will be introduce and enhance more control, security and safety system to create effective and efficient traffic tracking, plan and navigation of plane. In existing scenario the key marketing strategies should be based on create awareness and assure customers for more safety and security in terms of travelling through Malaysian Airline. References Ama.org. 2014. About AMA: Marketing. 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What Should You Do an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

What Should You Do? The first issue is the safety of childrens products. Don and Marie wish to sell a great deal of childrens furniture, clothing and toys at a garage sale. However, Marie wants to make sure that they are not selling items that may pose a safety hazard to children because the items are several years old. Marie wants to take the appropriate steps to ensure that the items that she and Don sell are safe for use by children. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission provides links and resources that will allow Don and Marie to type in the items that they wish to sell in order to read the standards these items must meet in order to be considered safe. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is a very useful website for determining the safety of many different products. There is a link on the homepage that provides a huge amount of product safety standard information. When this linked is clicked on the visitor is prompted to choose a product from a long list and then is directed to the a ppropriate resources in order to discover what safety standards must be met in order to ensure the safety of the product. Need essay sample on "What Should You Do?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The information on the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website is very comprehensive and useful. The items included in the standards list are very specific. For example, if Don and Marie have childrens clothing that has drawstrings on them the website has a link to safety standards associated specifically with drawstrings on clothing. When this item is clicked the visitor is redirected to another search engine where drawstrings can be typed in. Then the visitor is provided with a series of links in order to check the safety standards associated with this type of clothing. The major drawback is that many of the links require payment in order to view the safety information. Ultimately, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website is useful in that it provides a wealth of information associated with the safety standards of childrens products as well as many other products. However, one is left to wonder why payment is required in order to access safety information. This type of information should be similar to recall lists so that it is easily accessible to people like Don and Marie who wish to ensure the safety of children when they sell their items. However, if Don and Marie truly wish to check the safety of the products they wish to sell they may have to break down and pay for that information. Don and Marie may not be liable for any injuries that are caused by products they sell if they ensure that the products meet safety standards. Legally, they may not even be held responsible if they knowingly sell a product that does not meet safety stand ards because that should be the responsibility of the parent or guardian. However, Don and Marie seem to be responsible people and should refrain from selling items that they are not absolutely sure are safe. This way they can avoid any connection with injuries while also keeping a clear conscious. The second issue is concerned with scamming the elderly. Marys elderly mother is being pressured by an aggressive salesperson to move money from her retirement account into a different account that promises higher returns. However, Mary does not feel comfortable with the idea because she feels that the salesperson is pressuring her mother to do something without thinking it through. Mary needs to find some resources to support her opinion so she can help convince her mother to leave her money where it is. The homepage of the Office of the Attorney General of Kentucky has a link that deals specifically with scams. When this link is clicked on a visitor can choose from a list of scam types such as email or telephone in order to receive the most up to date and appropriate information for a specific type of scam. When the link to the phone scam is chosen it provides ten tips for helping consumers find out whether they are being scammed over the telephone. Mary can print this list and tak e it to her mother in order to start a discussion that will help Marys mother see what is happening. The list includes red flags that indicate a scam may be taking place. For example, the first item on the list is high pressure sales tactics. The fact that the salesperson calling Marys mother is so aggressive suggests that the new type of investment is really a scam because the caller is using high pressure tactics in order to try to convince Marys mother to invest her money. Other examples that may tip Marys mother off to a possible scam are a proposal that sounds too good to be true and the fact that the caller is suggesting that the investment does not pose any risk. When an offer sounds too good to be true it is often because it is too good to be true. Similarly, investments always come with a risk so if someone is telling Marys mother that her money will be 100% safe it is a good indication that the investment opportunity is really a scam. The information provided on the website is comprehensive in providing information that may help a consumer determine whether they are being scammed or not. It also includes links with information pertaining to laws about telemarketing. Finally, the website offers helpful tips to consumers in order to enable them to avoid being the victims of a scam. For example, the website recommends that consumers check the identification of the people or companies who can to see if they are registered with the Attorney General. It is also recommended that people who are being harassed simply hang up rather than give into something they are not comfortable with. The only thing that appears to be lacking is information about what to do if a consumer suspects that they already are the victim of a scam. While prevention is certainly an important part of this website it would also be useful if consumers could access information about what to do and who to talk to if they have become the victim of a scam. This information could include what to do to file a criminal report, how to protect the integrity of ones credit and reputation as well as how to repair the monetary damage that was done to a consumers credit and banking records. This type of information would add to the resources available to consumers. References Office of the Attorney General. (2009). Consumer Protection. U.S. Consumer Product Safety. (2009). Consumer Safety.