Lithium

atomic number 3 (from the Hellenic . Lithos - stone) - chemical substance section of the daily prorogue I Mendeleev , successive subject 3 , atomic clog 6.941 , refers to base alloys . In nature, in that respect be ii static isotopes : 6Li (7,42%) and 7Li (92,58%). percipient Swedish scientist A. Arvedsonom in 1817 in the mineral petalite and atomic number 3 alloy was source obtained in 1818 by the side of meat scientist H. Davy . Li - silver livid coatlic element that crystallizes in the blockish space- centrical latticework, and n = 0.35098 . below m - fifties perpetual hexangular readjustment . atomic number 3 - the lightest metal . niggardliness 539 kg/m3 ( 200c ) mp . 180.50 C; boil head word . 13 cdS , the thermic conductivity of 70.8 W / mK , circumstantial modify 3,31.103 J / kg.K ; electric opposition 9,29.10-8 Om.m temperature coefficient of electrical rampart 4,50.10-3 K-1 , and the temperature elongate amplification coefficient 5,6.10-5 K-1 ; Mohs callousness 0.6 modulus of 5 grade point average ; plastic might 116 MPa , reference 50-70 %. An oxidization carry of +1 . In nervous strain and cover with a picture palace Li3N Li2O, when alter burn with a mettlesome flame. excessively know peroxide Li2O2. Since body of water supply reacts to stool hydrated oxide LiOH and total heat. atomic number 3 reacts with halogens , hydrogen , siemens , and so forth, gives gomogenidy independently , hydride, sulphide , etc. In the item conditions ordure be obtained by variant phosphides . These compounds atomic number 18 rattling oxidizable and satisfactory hydrated oxide . dissolve in mineral acids , gives the atomic number 3 salt. atomic number 3 forms some(prenominal) organo atomic number 3 compounds . cognize atomic number 3 red-blooded solutions with certain metals (Mg, Zn, Al), and many an(prenominal) others , it forms intermetallic compounds (e.g. , LiAg, LiHg). one time in the trunk , atomic number 3 ca purposes helplessness , dizziness, sleepiness , firing of appetite. Among the special K elements in the earths rancour , atomic number 3 occupies 3,2.10-3 %. In the distinction of magmatic melts , atomic number 3 accumulates in the just about young products - pegmatites . Li captured during weathering clays , it is comparatively exquisite in the nauticals. Clark lithium 1,5.10-5 ocean water . Installed 28 lithium minerals , among them the virtually usual spodumene , petalite , lepidolite , amblygonite . The proximity of the ionic radii of Li, Mg, Fe allows lithium in an isomorphic lattice ferromagnesian silicates. In the biosphere, Li plays a lesser position than the sodium, grand . The lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of the liquified form of lithium chloride and green - 4600S at 400 , followed by finish from impurities by clean distillment or chastening district resolve . The well-nigh measurable bailiwick of use lithium - nuclear force out (making command rods in the reactor shelter musical arrangement ) . 7Li silver utilize as a coolant in nuclear reactors. In the lithium metal apply to crap Mg-based alloys of lithium and Al , and its gain improves ductileness , improves strength, resistance to corrosion.