Cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling Essay

This essay is pen to comp atomic number 18 the direction relationship in person-centred and cognitive- behavioral counselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatments. There are however m whatsoever hearty differences between the 2. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is based on scientific study taking two therapies, cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy, and combining the two.Behavioural therapy is based on the fact that community can learn behaviours through classical conditioning, which was first put down by Ivan Pavlov at the end of the nineteenth century, and operant conditioning (Skinner, 1953. ) healers believed what the behavioural therapists were attend toing their invitees to do, such as encouraging self-importance- assertion an d self- fellow feeling to help cause new glide pathes to dealing with life, incorporate a wide range of cognitive processes including decision-making and problem-solving. Beck (1976) founded cognitive-behavioural therapy after becoming disillusioned by psychoanalytic methods. (McLeod J. 008)Person-centred counselling is a non-scientific therapy developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a humanistic approach where it is believed that the client necessitate to feel valued and understood for them to be adequate to develop a self-awareness so they are able to deal with any difficult situation they feel they are in, giving them the power to sort their own lives. Person-centred therapy is non-direct approach where the therapist and client develop an equal companionship to develop trust between the two, creating a safe remedial surroundings which enables the client to figure out what makes them the way they are.When the client begins to trust their feelings and endure emotionally confident they can begin to find the answers to their own problems inwardly themselves. For this to happen a core conditions model is in place. Without these conditions this type of therapy would non be effective (Rogers, C. 1957. ) Therapist-Client Psychological Contact- A relationship which two people choose impact on each other and the therapist ineluctably to be engaged by the client. Client incongruence, or Vulnerability- The client needs to be in a state of incongruence, feel that their real self is not how they would ideally like be.The client is also vulnerable to foreboding which means they will be motivated stay in the relationship. (McLeod, J. 2008) Therapist Congruence or Genuineness- The therapist needs to be congruent deep down the therapeutic relationship- needs to be genuine in dealing with the client and use their own fetch to enable the relationship. Unconditional Positive Regard- The therapist needs to have unconditional positive regard for th e client. Acceptance, empathy and genuineness without judgement, is postulate for the client to feel a higher sense of self-regard so they can realise that their self-worth was distorted by others.The therapist needs to acquit the client for who they are now, not what they could become. Empathetic understanding- accurate empathy on behalf of the therapist can help the client believe that the therapist has unconditional neck for them. Client Perception- If the therapist communicates to the client their unconditional regard and empathetic understanding to at least a minimal degree this is effective. In argument cognitive-behavioural therapy is a direct approach where clients are taught how to think and behave in ways in which enables them to obtain their goals.They are not told what it is they want, but sooner how to achieve the goals they may have this develops a student (client) and teacher (therapist) relationship. In order for this to be successful, intervention techniques ar e used to ensure that the goals agree with the client is met. (Haaga and Davison1986, Meichenbaum 1986) These include Systematic desensitization- a relaxation technique is taught to help the client to all overcome anxiety to enable them to extinguish their phobias. Once this has been learnt the client must use this to enable them to overcome these by using a fear hierarchy.Homework assignments- practicing techniques learnt in therapy between sessions. Experimenting with dissimilar self- statements in fooling situations. Thought stopping- instead of letting anxious thought take over the client learns to use something to interrupt these thoughts such as flicking a hawkshaw band on their wrist. Challenging ill-judged beliefs- the therapist tries to identify the clients irrational beliefs that are causing issues in their life and challenges it so that the client develops a less extreme way they absorb the problem.Reframing the issues getting the client to behold a certain emotio n as something different. An example of this is perceiving fear as excitement. In vivo exposure- going into highly fearful situations with the therapist whilst they are talk of the town through cognitive-behavioural techniques to help you deal with the situation. Scaling feelings- placing present feeling of anxiety and rating them on a scale off 0-100 is an example of this. Rehearsing different self-statements in role-play in therapy sessions. Assertiveness or social skills training.Although a therapeutic relationship is important in both practices, cognitive -behavioural therapists believe this is not sufficient enough alone to help clients work through their problems, and plot many therapists have different styles the main cognitive behavioural therapy computer programme have an outlined structure in place. (Kuehnel and Liberman 1986 Freeman and Simon 1989,) which is the main focus. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is more(prenominal) client action orientated to produce a compou nd in the way they think which then will lead to a change in the way the client will behave.However in Person-centred therapy a therapeutic process is put in place as a series of stages. These stages help promote a therapeutic change in the client or a process of greater openness to find (McLeod, J. 2008. ) (Rogers, C. 1951) considered the management of therapeutic growth as including the awareness of the clients of any experiences they have been denied. They stop seeing the world in a generalised view and begin to see it differently. This enables them to rely on their personal experience to require their own set of values.These personal developments lead to a reorganization of self (Rogers, C. 1951) and is vital to develop new behaviours. In conclusion although both approaches to counselling realise that a counselling relationship is important, person-centred therapists believe that the counselling experience and effectiveness of the therapy is determined solely on that of the re lationship. Cognitive-behavioural therapists find, through past experiments other techniques, such as systematic desensitization and behavioural self-control, are evenly important to the success of the therapy.